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SECONDARY SECTOR - INDUSTRIAL ELEMENTS - Contenido educativo
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Hello everyone welcome back to class in this video you are going to learn about
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the unit 3 that is the secondary sector and there will be three different
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videos in the first one you are going to see the secondary sector what it is
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basically and the elements of the industrial activity in the second one
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the types of industries and in the third video the industrial location so as you
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probably remember the secondary sector is the economic or it involves the
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economic activities related with the transformation of raw materials into
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goods that we can consume there are two different types of activities related
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with the secondary sector that are construction and industry finally about
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the secondary sector you need to need the elements that are involved that
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basically are the raw materials and the energy sources the capital the human
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resources and technology finally about the industry there is something very
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interesting is that we normally call developed country the countries that
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have strong industries while the countries that are non industrialized
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that don't have any strong a strong industry are considered underdeveloped
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by countries like Spain, the United States, and so on.
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About the industry, it's also very important to know
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that there are different stages in which it has developed.
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The first one is the first industrial revolution that happened
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between 1750 and 1850.
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In this revolution, the textile and metallurgical industry were developed.
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There were new types of transport, like the railroad
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and the communications that developed in this period were the telephone and the telegraph.
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There were also new sources of energy, in this case it's coal, carbon,
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that is going to be used for the steam engine, la máquina de vapor.
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Then, during the second industrial revolution, between the 19th and the 20th century,
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there are new industries that are going to be developed.
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This is thanks to a new type of energy that was electricity, that was invented in this period, and it changed everything.
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For example, a lot of electrical devices were built in industries like the one that created televisions, the radio, the car, and so on.
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There is also another source of energy, instead of coal, that is oil, that is going to allow a faster combustion,
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which means that the oil can be burned better than coal finally since 1950 the third industrial
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revolution took place the innovations are related with communications and the internet
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so the main industries are biotechnology i.t that is telecommunications basically and micro
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electronics and there are also new types of energy like the nuclear energy because
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of the pollution that was created by coal oil or gas the alternative sources
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of energy that you know are going to be developed now let's take a look to the
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elements of the industrial activity the first one is the raw materials that are
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the natural resources that we are going to transform into goods then we have the energy
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sources that are going to give us the power to transform the raw materials the people or human
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resources that provide labor and finally the capital and technology that we are going to need
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for moving all the other resources okay so let's take a look to the raw materials we can have
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different types depending on the origin for example artificial materials like plastic
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the animal materials like milk vegetable materials like cotton algodon but the most
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important ones for industry are the mineral materials for example metals or energy minerals
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These materials are so important that they are causing conflicts all around the world
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because the countries that have most of these materials are poor countries
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and the countries that need them normally are developed or industrialized countries
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like the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan and so on.
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The main producers of minerals are these three,
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China the United States and Australia but there are also some other countries
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that are very important like Russia Chile Brazil Democratic Republic of
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Congo etc most of these countries well the main producers in general are not
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from Europe and Spain is not among them this is because since centuries the raw
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materials of the European continent have been exhausted. In this map you can see
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which are the main producers of minerals on the planet, okay, and some of these
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producers, like Bolivia, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Malaysia and so on, are
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not strong countries, so they are normally controlled by more powerful
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countries. In this map you can see the main coal deposits of the planet and in
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On this one I want to stop a little bit because you can see the main world oil deposits.
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As you can see there is a region in this circle that is called the Middle East that has the
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main oil deposits of the planet.
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There are also some other places like Venezuela, Libya, Canada, but in this place, in this
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one, you have most of the oil that we consume.
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In this map you can see the difference between the countries, okay?
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So Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait and so on have a lot of petrol.
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And unfortunately for some of these countries, having petrol is not only a source of wealth,
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no es solo una fuente de riqueza, it's also a source of conflict.
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And there has been a lot of wars because of that in this region.
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basically because the United Kingdom, the France, the United States and other countries
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tried to control the oil deposits of these places.
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Finally, in this map you can see the main gas deposits of the planet.
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And in Spain, mining is not very important.
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We have some mines in Sierra Morena, in Cordillera Cantábrica, Montes de León
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and for example one really important mine is this one that is in Almaden
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that has been traditionally one of the most important mines of Spain,
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but compared to the rest of the world, they are not very important.
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There are a lot of environmental consequences,
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but the main one is that mining is going to change the land surface
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and also the water pollution that is caused by mining.
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About the energy sources that are our second element,
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they give us the power to transform the raw materials we can divide the energy sources in
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many ways for example renewable and non-renewable but we also can divide it in alternative and
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traditional or also in clean energies and polluting energies in this case for economy
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is more interesting renewable and non-renewable and the renewable as you all know are the ones
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that we can consume for longer periods of time or forever like the solar energy
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and the non-renewable ones are the ones that can be exhausted unfortunately for
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us these are the ones that are used the most for example if you take a look at
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this pie chart you can see that petrol is the most used energy source then we
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have coal, natural gas and finally with less than an 11% we have the renewable
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sources of energy. So eventually all of these ones will be exhausted and we
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won't have the energy that we need. We need to invest a lot in renewable
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sources of energy. In this slide there is another interesting thing is the
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difference between the producers and the consumers of energy. The main producers
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normally are countries that have petrol and they made an association that is called OPEC or OPEP
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that set the prices of petrol. The other nations like the European nations need to invest money
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in renewable sources basically because we don't have petrol for example, we don't have oil and we
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depend a lot on them so they can manipulate us with the prices of oil. In this map we also have
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interesting information about the energy consumption in the world. As you can see
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in red there are countries like Saudi Arabia, Canada, the United States, Oman,
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the United Arab Emirates, Norway that are the highest consumers of
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energy of the planet. And this is because the people in these places have very
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cheap energy because they have petrol so they consume a lot in summer in winter
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in all seasons then in some places like the European Union China Japan Australia
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we consume also more energy than the rest of the planet but this is because
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we are wealth countries okay finally in places like Central Africa they don't
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have the energetic infrastructure for electricity and that's why they don't
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consume so much, because they don't have the resources. Finally, we have to take
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into account that there are environmental consequences. There are a
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lot, like nuclear disasters, acid rain, air pollution, and for us, diseases that we
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can develop if we breathe contamination. But the main environmental problem is
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the greenhouse effect, el efecto invernadero. This is not terrible, because
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natural greenhouse effect is what keeps the planet warm but unfortunately if we
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are polluting with greenhouse gases like co2 and the greenhouse effect increases
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and there is an increase also in the temperatures this is what we call
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climate change or cambio climatico another element of industries is the
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human resources and there are going to be differences between the developed
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countries and the developing countries. Basically, in the working conditions that
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are much better in developed countries, while in developing countries they have
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really bad working conditions, no breaks, no safety standards, no holidays, etc.
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And the other difference is the qualifications. In developed countries
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normally the labor in industry are people that have studies or that are
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prepared for certain works while in developing countries the only thing that
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is necessary is that they are cheap but they are not going to ask them for
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having a degree or some studies and the last element is the capital the capital
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is needed for industrial activities and basically because we have to pay for the
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workers we have to buy the raw materials we have to pay for the energy we have to
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pay taxes if we have industry so we need money in order to create our industry we need buildings in
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which we are going to perform the transformation of the raw materials into manufactured products
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we need machines so all of this is the capital of the company if the capital belongs um
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to people it will be private if it belongs to the government it will be public and if it is
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belonging to both of them, like Huawei, de la compañía de móviles, it will be mixed.
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So, all of these are the elements. I hope you understood them. If you have questions, ask me, and
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espero que no estéis como esta pobre torrecita que se está cayendo. Bye, bye.
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- Idioma/s:
- Autor/es:
- David Sánchez García
- Subido por:
- David S.
- Licencia:
- Todos los derechos reservados
- Visualizaciones:
- 184
- Fecha:
- 10 de enero de 2021 - 18:49
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Centro:
- IES ALPAJÉS
- Duración:
- 13′ 07″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.78:1
- Resolución:
- 1364x768 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 250.73 MBytes