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3ESO Blood - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 5 de diciembre de 2020 por Marta G.

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Good morning everyone, we start with the second point of our unit of the circulatory system. 00:00:00
We have seen that we have some extracellular fluids in our body and one of them was the blood plasma. 00:00:07
So today we are going to study that blood plasma but also the cell related to that blood plasma. 00:00:13
So we are on point number 2, blood. 00:00:20
We need to make this outline on our notebook. I am going to fill it while speaking. 00:00:32
So, don't focus just on writing, but also on the explanation that I give you. 00:00:39
So, blood is a compound of two different things. 00:00:45
One of them that is liquid, which is the plasma, and one of them that are solid, which are cells. 00:00:49
So, the plasma is liquid, whereas the cells are solid. 00:00:59
So, what is the plasma compound of? 00:01:03
Every liquid that we have in our body, every fluid, basically is composed of water, and 00:01:06
then since the plasma, the function is to transport things around the body, we're going 00:01:16
to have the things that are transported. 00:01:22
For example, nutrients that we see in the digestive system, how the nutrients are transported 00:01:23
from the intestine where they are absorbed to the different cells of our body. 00:01:35
We also have minerals, mineral salts, which we need for several functions. 00:01:40
What else do we transport? 00:01:48
Last unit we studied the respiratory system and we have seen that the blood carries oxygen and also carbon dioxide, two gases in the blood. 00:01:50
What else? Waste products, in order to eliminate them from the body. 00:02:03
Second part, the cells. We have three different types of cells in our body, in our blood, okay? 00:02:16
The first one are the red blood cells or erythrocytes. 00:02:24
Yes, we need to learn the name of them and yes, you need to make the drawings, the squares and everything which appears in the outline. 00:02:29
how many erythrocytes we have in our body look we have about four to five million of them 00:02:47
on each cubic millimeters so in a single drop of salt you have from four to five millions of 00:02:57
red blood cells and make your image do you remember the tissue when we saw the blood 00:03:10
and that appear that everything was full of erythrocytes also they have a protein inside 00:03:18
which is the hemoglobin which is the responsible for carrying the oxygen hemoglobin if this is our 00:03:28
blood cell inside here remember that they are cells okay they have the membrane they have the 00:03:45
cytoplasm but the erythrocytes are special because they do not have nucleus okay important 00:03:52
they do not have nucleus but inside the cytoplasm they have a protein which is called a hemoglobin 00:03:57
which is going to pick up the oxygen inside the erythrocyte to move it all around the body okay 00:04:05
and this hemoglobin as i said transport oxygen it's transport oxygen so the cells can do the 00:04:13
cellular respiration and the shape is a big concave disc so that shape and because with 00:04:24
that shape is easier to plus pass through the capillaries when they are very thick 00:04:38
next cell that we have a we have the white blood cells they are the one which are responsible for 00:04:44
the defense of our body we have about 300 000 of them per cubic millimeter so also we have a lot 00:04:57
of them it depends this quantity changes depending if you are sick or not if you have an illness 00:05:11
inside yourself you have more white blood cell that if you are sane because that means that 00:05:17
your body is reacting to help you fighting the infection also what is this function basically 00:05:23
fight fight what did i say fight infection infection it could be bacteria virus protozoa 00:05:31
fungi um worms i know any type of infection is tied by the white blood cell the problem is that 00:05:43
sometimes the white blood cells are not working correctly and they find our own cells because they 00:05:51
think that they are dangerous for us okay for example in some self-immune diseases 00:05:57
that's what happened for example in leucemia in leucemia leucemia in spanish that's what happens 00:06:04
white blood cells think that our own cells are dangerous and they fight against them 00:06:10
okay what's the shape they are spherical oops i think i made a mistake here sorry guys 00:06:17
this is not a hundred thousand is eight thousand okay they're not that many 00:06:29
have something changed here okay eight thousand okay and last cells that are in our body in fact 00:06:36
they are not really cells they are part of cells and they are the platelets which in spanish we 00:06:44
call them plaquetas okay the these are the ones that are 300 000 per millimeter per cubic 00:06:51
millimeter and they help with coagulation what is coagulation when we have a um when we hurt 00:07:00
ourselves and we have blood getting out okay if something doesn't stop it we will die because 00:07:15
the blood keeps going out and out so platelets help with the coagulation closing okay all the 00:07:24
holes that can be on the skin inside our body okay they help with the coagulation and they are 00:07:31
pieces of cells and they are irregular. So the platelets are not really really cells but also 00:07:39
big cells that cut in different places and help with coagulation. Next step, what is the function 00:07:56
in general of the blood? It has three basic functions. The first one is to transport things, 00:08:04
it can transfer oxygen, it can transfer nutrients, it can transfer waste products, 00:08:11
also regulation regulation for example temperature regulation is one of them 00:08:18
and also defense so these are the three function of the blood we are going to 00:08:27
learn some more about the erythrocyte the red blood cell maybe you have heard 00:08:38
that you have a blood type which is a positive a B negative or zero positive 00:08:43
zero negative, a, b, okay? Those are log types. We're gonna learn a little bit more about it. So, 00:08:51
2.1, log types. We're gonna make this a square, okay, and this is a square, and we're gonna 00:09:00
divide it into the four different log types, a, b, a, b, and zero. Maybe, and I'm going to 00:09:12
ask you in the exercise you can ask at home which is your blood type okay or what which are your 00:09:22
parents blood type or your grandparents or your own your uncle your brother your sister okay to 00:09:28
compare the different types of blood types that you have in your family okay that is really really 00:09:35
interesting now let's see why we have these blood types these blood types depend on the red blood 00:09:40
cells okay the retrocyte the red blood cells they are cell remember they have membrane they 00:09:47
have cytoplasm the only difference is that they do not have a nucleus okay so on their membrane 00:09:54
they have different proteins different carbohydrates actually different carbohydrates 00:10:02
that they are going to mark if they are a b a b or zero i have made circles underscore but they do 00:10:09
not have that shape okay it's just an imaginary shape so we have something on the membrane that 00:10:17
is going to tell you if you are a b etc and what happens that in um these these things that we have 00:10:25
outside we call it antigens so in the red blood cell we have an antigen with this shape which is 00:10:35
the a antigen okay and on a b type red blood cell we have the square antigen which is the b antigen 00:10:45
In Spanish we call them antígenos. 00:11:03
What happens in the AB that we have both types, we have the B and we have the A? 00:11:10
So we have A antigen and B antigen. 00:11:19
But one thing, what happens in the 0 type, O type, in English is O type, in Spanish we 00:11:33
call it 0. 00:11:38
Okay, so what happens in the O-type? It has no antigen on their membrane, none at all, so, no. 00:11:39
Okay, now we know that it has antigen on the red blood cells, only on the red blood cells. 00:11:48
What happens with the rest of the blood? That in the plasma, there are antibodies against the other groups. 00:11:57
For example, in the A-type, we have an antibody which has this shape, which is anti-B. 00:12:06
It's like, oh, we don't like you B, we don't want you to be here in our blood. 00:12:21
So, they have anti-B bodies. 00:12:26
What happens when a B-type red blood cell gets into an A-type plasma? 00:12:29
Imagine I'm A, for example. 00:12:35
And I receive blood from a B-type that my antibodies, they are going to say, oh, this is an enemy, let's fight against it. 00:12:37
And they're going to be against the B-type and, well, they don't do, but basically they kill these red blood cells. 00:12:48
So my body will collapse and I will die. 00:12:57
So that's what happens when we receive a blood that is not ours. 00:13:00
Well, we can receive, maybe if I receive blood from another A type, there's no problem, 00:13:05
because he or she has the same antigens and the same antibodies that they have, 00:13:12
but not from another person who's got B or AB or 0, okay? 00:13:18
So, now, let's continue. 00:13:23
So, the A has anti-B. 00:13:26
What happens with B? 00:13:28
Yes, a little bit. 00:13:30
that the bee will have antibodies with this shape that are going to match with the antigens, 00:13:32
so they have anti-bee. 00:13:41
So imagine, I'm a bee type person, yes, I'm a bee type person, I receive blood from my 00:13:45
mane. 00:13:55
Ah! 00:13:56
Collapse. 00:13:57
That's it. 00:13:58
The end. 00:13:59
Okay. 00:14:00
What happens? 00:14:01
Now comes the interesting part. 00:14:02
happens with the AB? We say that we have B antigen and we have A antigen. So we 00:14:04
cannot have this anti-B because if not I will die because I will attack my own 00:14:12
cells. And I cannot have... Sorry, I wrote anti-B and it's anti-A. Sorry. So I cannot have anti-B or 00:14:16
anti-A because if not I will die. So what happens? That I have no antibodies. None. 00:14:26
So, basically, I could receive blood from A and from B, because there's not a problem, 00:14:34
because I have antigens for the both. 00:14:43
I can receive from A and B, and also from my own type, of course, AB. 00:14:47
Now, serotype. 00:14:52
What happens with the serotype? 00:14:55
we say that we have no antigens. But we have antibodies for both types. We have anti-B 00:14:56
and we've got anti-A. So, if I receive blood from A type, these antibodies will come 00:15:07
and kill themselves. If I receive from a B type, these antibodies will come 00:15:24
and if I receive from A, B, and basically I guess, okay? 00:15:29
So what happens is I can only receive blood from my O type, 00:15:36
from the zero type, from the O type, okay? 00:15:40
So I'm going to ask you to look for your blood type 00:15:45
and guess which blood group you can receive blood from. 00:15:50
At the beginning I said that maybe you have found that you are A positive, A negative or 0 positive, 0 negative 00:15:55
The positive and negative works more or less the same as this 00:16:04
That we are not going to go into this year 00:16:09
But it's also about antibodies and antigens 00:16:13
Okay, so look for your blood type and check which group could you get the blood from and to whom you can donate blood. 00:16:18
That's all for today. Work hard and see you next day. 00:16:31
Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! 00:16:49
Idioma/s:
en
Autor/es:
Marta García Pérez
Subido por:
Marta G.
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
72
Fecha:
5 de diciembre de 2020 - 16:04
Visibilidad:
Clave
Centro:
IES FORTUNY
Duración:
16′ 52″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1920x1080 píxeles
Tamaño:
636.53 MBytes

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