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Muscles - Contenido educativo
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Second segment of Good Stress explains the types of muscles in the body, why astronauts' muscles weaken in space and some ways of taking care of your muscles. The Muscles segment describes the difference between skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. The Muscles segment also explains the rehabilitation of astronauts returning from space.
Hi, RJ. Welcome to NASA Johnson Space Center.
00:00:00
Thanks, Mrs. Shepard.
00:00:05
Please, call me back.
00:00:06
Okay. Beth, Jennifer called to tell me you were having some problems with your rehab.
00:00:07
I sure am. She thought maybe you could help.
00:00:12
Jennifer told me that you're the lead astronaut strength, conditioning, rehabilitation specialist.
00:00:15
That's right.
00:00:19
My job is to physically prepare astronauts for long-duration space missions
00:00:20
through cardiovascular exercise, muscle strength and endurance weight training,
00:00:24
as well as balance, coordination and agility drills.
00:00:28
Well, it looks like I've come to the right place.
00:00:31
Did you bring your data?
00:00:33
It's all right here in my phone.
00:00:35
What does this graph represent?
00:00:37
The scatter plot represents the amount of weight my right leg can lift
00:00:39
when doing a set of ten repetitions on a leg extension machine.
00:00:43
The data was taken over a four-month period.
00:00:46
I need some help figuring out why I leveled off during the past month.
00:00:49
What kind of muscle tear did you have?
00:00:52
I remember my doctor telling me it was some kind of skeletal muscle.
00:00:54
I never heard the term skeletal muscle before.
00:00:58
Let me give you a crash course on the basics of muscles.
00:01:01
Okay.
00:01:03
This would be a great time to pause the program to answer and discuss the following questions.
00:01:04
What are some types of muscles in your body?
00:01:10
Why do astronauts' muscles weaken while working in space?
00:01:13
What are some ways to take care of your muscles?
00:01:17
It is now time to pause the program.
00:01:20
Your body has three different types of muscle tissue,
00:01:23
skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle.
00:01:25
Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones of your skeleton.
00:01:29
These muscles provide the force that moves your bones.
00:01:32
They are also classified as voluntary muscles, meaning you have control over them.
00:01:35
Smooth muscles can be found inside of many internal organs of the body,
00:01:40
such as the walls of the stomach and blood vessels.
00:01:43
They are classified as involuntary muscles, meaning they are not under your conscious control.
00:01:46
The last type of muscle, cardiac muscle, is found only in the heart.
00:01:51
It has characteristics of both skeletal and smooth muscles.
00:01:55
I didn't realize there were different types of muscles in my body.
00:01:58
Well, I definitely know now that I tore skeletal muscle in my right leg.
00:02:01
I have control over it.
00:02:05
Okay, let's get back to your problem.
00:02:07
Now, you've been doing the same leg extension exercise throughout the entire rehab, right?
00:02:09
Yes, I have. It's my favorite leg exercise.
00:02:13
In order to stimulate growth and recovery, you need to change your workout every four to six weeks.
00:02:17
If you do the same workout program over a long period of time, your body reaches a plateau.
00:02:21
And in your case, you reached a plateau a few weeks ago.
00:02:26
Gee, I better change my workout plan.
00:02:29
Practice for the cross-country team starts in a few weeks, and I want to make it to the state finals.
00:02:32
What do you suggest?
00:02:37
Well, RJ, I would suggest adding some variety to your exercise program,
00:02:38
such as bicycling, swimming, rollerblading, and resistive training with your own body weight.
00:02:42
That sounds pretty cool.
00:02:47
So, Beth, what kind of rehab program do astronauts go through?
00:02:48
That's a great question, RJ.
00:02:51
When astronauts return from long-duration space flights, their muscles and bones are weaker.
00:02:53
For example, astronauts in space routinely use their arms to move around,
00:02:57
but they don't use their leg muscles to resist gravity.
00:03:01
The lack of muscle force can cause muscles to weaken or reduce in size.
00:03:04
The main focus of my job is to prevent muscle and bone loss,
00:03:08
starting with pre-flight and in-flight exercise programs.
00:03:10
But because we haven't figured out how to completely prevent muscle and bone loss,
00:03:13
the focus of the post-flight rehabilitation program is to return the astronauts' muscle and bone
00:03:17
back to their pre-flight baseline.
00:03:21
My team develops exercise programs that include cardiovascular conditioning,
00:03:23
muscle strength and endurance, flexibility and agility drills.
00:03:27
Each astronaut has an individualized program
00:03:31
because the amount of muscle and bone loss differs for each astronaut.
00:03:34
That's really cool. That sounds a lot like what I'm going through right now.
00:03:37
It is very similar to your rehabilitation program.
00:03:41
In fact, one of our astronauts, Leland Melvin, is doing a little rehab of his own.
00:03:43
Hi, Mr. Melvin.
00:03:48
Hey, RJ. How are you doing?
00:03:49
Are you rehabbing your leg as well?
00:03:50
I sure am. I re-aggravated my hamstring muscle while playing pro football.
00:03:52
Wow. Pro football player.
00:03:56
How'd you go from being a football player to being an astronaut?
00:03:58
I injured my hamstring muscle while in training camp with the Detroit Lions,
00:04:01
but it never fully recovered.
00:04:04
In addition to working hard at sports, I did well academically in school.
00:04:06
Too many young athletes today don't realize that sports can only take you so far in life.
00:04:10
Our cross-country coach emphasizes that all the time.
00:04:15
It's good grades in school that make me excel in life.
00:04:18
Sounds like you have a great coach.
00:04:21
So does your rehab program require mainly stretching?
00:04:23
That's only one component.
00:04:26
Exercise, or good stress, is important for maintaining both muscular strength
00:04:28
and flexibility and for recovery.
00:04:32
When you stretch and warm up thoroughly, your muscles become more flexible.
00:04:34
This helps prepare muscles for the work involved in exercising and playing sports.
00:04:38
Also, warming up the muscles can prevent injuries.
00:04:43
Like with your hamstring?
00:04:46
Exactly, RJ.
00:04:48
If you overwork or overstress your muscles, you can strain or pull them,
00:04:49
and that's a form of bad stress.
00:04:53
Now, I pulled my hamstring really bad, and that was some serious pain.
00:04:55
Don't let that happen to you.
00:04:58
And if you pull a muscle, you need to let it rest until the muscle heals.
00:05:00
Sure didn't learn a lot about muscles today.
00:05:03
Thank you so much for your help.
00:05:05
Oh, and by the way, you mentioned that your job deals with muscle loss and bone loss.
00:05:07
Do you know any good bone specialists I can talk to?
00:05:10
That's right. You said you were immobilized for some time.
00:05:13
Why don't you go and see Dr. Sonia here at NASA, and she can tell you all about bones.
00:05:15
Thank you again, and have a great day.
00:05:20
Now, Mr. Melvin, you better take care of that hamstring.
00:05:22
Hey, thanks, RJ. Take care.
00:05:24
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- Idioma/s:
- Materias:
- Matemáticas
- Niveles educativos:
- ▼ Mostrar / ocultar niveles
- Nivel Intermedio
- Autor/es:
- NASA LaRC Office of Education
- Subido por:
- EducaMadrid
- Licencia:
- Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
- Visualizaciones:
- 589
- Fecha:
- 28 de mayo de 2007 - 16:54
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Enlace Relacionado:
- NASAs center for distance learning
- Duración:
- 05′ 28″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
- Resolución:
- 480x360 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 32.89 MBytes
