2020 03 25 English C2.1 Zoom lesson

let's see this works or not participant it is not working yeah here we go 00:00:00

hello Diana oh I made to be having some problems with the audio today hmm 00:00:21

double-check now it seems to be fine yes hello guys hello 00:00:32

I can't hear anything. 00:00:40

Okay. 00:00:43

Hello. 00:00:43

Oh, there we go. 00:00:44

Hello. 00:00:45

Hello. 00:00:46

Hello. 00:00:47

We're almost all here. 00:00:48

Hello guys. 00:00:51

Okay. 00:00:53

Okay. 00:00:54

Oh, you know, you had an image today. 00:00:55

Oh, you had an image the other day as well. 00:00:57

It was a, it was a mighty who could not connect with image the other day. 00:00:59

Well, I think it's going to be more of us today. 00:01:04

Yes. 00:01:06

Some new more, some more new students coming in. 00:01:07

over there uh and uh augustine okay okay guys for those of you who are newies uh remember that 00:01:10

you need to unmute your microphone when you want to speak okay um because it's typically 00:01:19

uh muted i can't right a couple more people there hi hello can you hear me yes we can can you see 00:01:28

me and we can see you okay novelty there's a bunch of new faces over here guys 00:01:37

blas is having problems blas can listen you can see from the pictures 00:01:43

okay i think it's uh all of us already yes we can hear in english we can hear you in english 00:01:48

okay 00:01:57

can you hear us 00:02:01

over here 00:02:03

okay yes 00:02:05

we can hear 00:02:07

let's let her know that 00:02:08

yes 00:02:10

we can hear 00:02:11

all right guys 00:02:14

I have a question because I was trying out 00:02:15

I was trying out something 00:02:20

before 00:02:22

regarding I'm going to mute Beatrice 00:02:23

because she's introducing some noise over there, okay? 00:02:26

So remember, guys, that it's typically better just to, 00:02:33

still Paloma was over there, 00:02:36

to have your microphone on mute unless you are talking, okay? 00:02:38

And that you can go from one mode to the other 00:02:42

by pressing your space, how do we call this? 00:02:44

I can't remember now. 00:02:48

The space board, space key? 00:02:49

I can't remember. 00:02:52

The one that we use for blanket spaces. 00:02:53

well um all right so it's a new record so welcome to uh those of you who is the first time who are 00:02:56

connected which as far you can see it's uh it's uh paloma is the first time we have your video 00:03:03

so welcome uh miyan is the first time that you are connecting at all okay 00:03:12

no don't forget you need to uh unmute yourself so that we can listen are you on a mobile phone 00:03:20

on me yeah i'm on yeah because i have my um webcam covered um i'm gonna try to put it like this 00:03:26

oh it's all right i was just wondering because it seemed to be a little bit wobbly 00:03:33

like shaky yeah is that better i don't know it's perfectly natural okay considering the amount of 00:03:37

ceilings and floors and stuff like that that we've been seeing in the first two days uh practice 00:03:44

okay and then we also have uh augustine over there it's the first time that you connect as 00:03:49

Augustine or were you with us the other day? Remember to remember to press your microphone 00:03:55

when you are talking. It's okay, it's okay now. Yeah, that's it, that's it. I don't 00:04:03

I don't go to technology. I thought that it was more difficult than I know now. 00:04:12

You thought it was going to be too difficult for you. But there you go. 00:04:24

Yes. I think it was more difficult. The computer is new and I think I had to download Skype. 00:04:28

Yes, you have to download the software. 00:04:39

They are not good friends. 00:04:42

It's okay. 00:04:46

You look perfectly equipped with your headset and everything on it. 00:04:46

So, you know. 00:04:50

Did you listen well? 00:04:51

Did you listen well? 00:04:52

Yeah. 00:04:54

Yeah, Guy, we can listen to you perfectly. 00:04:55

Okay. 00:04:57

I think it's actually the first time that all of us are here with voice and image. 00:04:58

Because all the other days there was somebody missing one of the two things. 00:05:02

Either the audio or the image. 00:05:05

but today we have a full set in all of us, I believe. 00:05:08

Susana, how is everything going? 00:05:12

Susana seems to be frozen. 00:05:15

Okay, that's maybe, yeah? 00:05:18

No, I think Susana's picture is frozen. 00:05:21

Yeah, well, okay. 00:05:24

Well, all right. 00:05:25

So let's go ahead and get started then. 00:05:28

I have a question before we actually get started. 00:05:30

Were you able to talk to each other 00:05:33

before the meeting started? 00:05:36

it were you like all together in a waiting room where you could talk to each other or 00:05:39

no no there was no waiting room okay because that's a setting that i was trying to enable 00:05:43

but probably didn't do it because i think it would be nice right like to yes yes it's more 00:05:50

like the classroom thing that like you go over there and as soon as you're over there you can 00:05:56

start chatting to to uh the people who's already there so i need to look into i need to look into 00:06:00

that okay write it down very quickly um okay so uh well those of you who are joining well have you 00:06:06

noticed the the new feature that i got that i got on today i have this virtual thing uh 00:06:17

california again well actually with the lake where i lived for for a year but uh you know 00:06:23

i did visit san francisco a couple of times so 00:06:31

a bit louder it's like a lightning light uh show this shows in america at 00:06:36

the end of the day like my show yes like a late night yeah 00:06:43

with some kind of sketchy uh background or stuff like that a 00:06:47

little bit like that okay there's another there's another uh 00:06:50

another one there's a bunch of them that i can choose i was playing with these 00:06:54

the other day okay but now this is too uh story i could 00:06:57

say so i think i'd rather go back it's not your wall it's not my wall yes no no no it's not my 00:07:01

wall it's like a virtual background that it's like a chroma that you can use and change from 00:07:08

one thing to the other but is it not from blackboard or is it a separate tool is it inside 00:07:13

blackboard it's inside the it's a it's a feature within the zoom application so i think you you 00:07:22

should also be able to use it if you go over to the dashboard at the bottom of 00:07:28

the screen of the zoom screen you have the microphone over there which says to 00:07:32

mute and unmute and then right next to it you have the video camera icon right 00:07:37

there's a little there's a little triangle over there if you click on that 00:07:43

that will that will pop up with some options and the last one of them is to 00:07:46

choose a virtual background so if you choose that one you can you can click 00:07:52

I mean they only give you like two or three pictures but I believe that you can upload your 00:07:58

own so you could be pretty much everywhere you want it okay now it's funny though because it's 00:08:02

artificial intelligence and you know that sometimes I will lose my arm or part of my face 00:08:09

will go off and oh Paloma is having a hell of a time she's switching around going 00:08:14

rotating all 00:08:20

there you go like 00:08:23

Emilia is like with a 00:08:25

nature 00:08:26

background over there right 00:08:28

Emilia is lost 00:08:31

Emilia is like a ghost right now 00:08:32

I'm lost among the forest 00:08:35

I'm just trying I'm going to play around 00:08:37

with this one 00:08:39

yeah it looks 00:08:40

a little bit like 00:08:43

is that Japan Emilia 00:08:44

yeah it is 00:08:47

okay nice fine eye diana okay very quickly she could spot this actually works better when you 00:08:49

have like a homogeneous background right like for example glass uh glass uh background would be 00:08:57

great because it's all the same color and so on so i'm pretty sure that uh a chrome over there 00:09:03

would work i mean would be great and probably uh probably ricardo's could not be too good because 00:09:08

there is too big of a lightning difference between the right-hand side and the left-hand side so 00:09:14

probably that would be a problem emilia is going crazy with it yeah i'm just trying it's good fun 00:09:19

you know we're still learning to use the tool right guys so step by step and as long as you 00:09:27

have a homogeneous background it should be pretty much fine i'm looking for another background 00:09:32

oh yeah well you need to you can play around with your own pictures and so on but uh on the testing 00:09:38

i did uh it's it's uh it's the the the lightning of your background of your real background that 00:09:45

makes a difference if it's pretty much the same thing all around you can do it if there is a 00:09:53

stark contrast then it's more difficult all righty so let's get started um all right uh you know that 00:09:58

best thing for you to do i'll i'll be sharing the screen and so on but uh actually uh if you open as 00:10:07

most of you have already okay so you have the uh the blackboard open over there uh we're gonna go 00:10:13

ahead and uh pick it up where we uh stopped last day which was on on your book if you remember we 00:10:19

were just starting to talk about nominalization which is how we sometimes use noun structures 00:10:26

instead of using verbs because this provides different weight to the sentence okay it's kind 00:10:34

of the meanings are more or less the same but the perception or the implications are not necessarily 00:10:39

the same okay so let me go ahead uh and share that with you okay let's see if this works properly 00:10:47

so if you remember we were working on this last exercise let me see if i can switch to a grid 00:10:57

so i can see your faces over there you know i'm very bad at keeping an eye on the chat 00:11:05

while while we are on the lesson but i know emilia is doing a great job with that so if 00:11:10

there's anything that you want to say over there it's a it's a good opportunity so let's go ahead 00:11:16

and have a look on this. If you remember, this thing about nominalization was about 00:11:21

substituting verbs with some other noun expression. So we went through this example. 00:11:28

American energy consumption could be reduced if people prioritize, which is a verb. 00:11:34

And the alternative would be American energy consumption could be reduced if greater 00:11:41

priority was given so instead of prioritize we have great to give priority okay so kind of the 00:11:44

same thing we can have with all the exercises that you got uh with all the sentences sample 00:11:51

sentences that you got here so let's go around this let's see if i can make this and i'm just 00:11:56

going to ask you for there may be um several ways of making this uh into into nouns okay so let's 00:12:03

a quick round see what you came up with and uh and see if there's any alternatives that you would 00:12:10

like to contribute okay so uh jones how we get started with you how would you change the first 00:12:17

sentence they have agreed on the main points but not the details what would you have there 00:12:24

an agreement on the on the on the main points they was reached but not the details okay okay 00:12:30

Okay. An agreement was reached or has been reached, depending on how long ago it was, right? 00:12:39

An agreement has been reached on the main points, but not on details. Perfect. 00:12:46

Okay, to reach an agreement. 00:12:50

What about number two? What about number two, Blas? 00:12:52

They decided to restrict CO2 emissions from large industries. 00:12:55

Oh, you need to unmute your microphone, Blas. That's okay. 00:13:05

a decision to restrict co2 was taken for for large large industries okay so that works fine 00:13:09

we can take a decision but we can also use to make a decision right so we could just as well 00:13:18

just as well no big difference in meaning we could have a decision was made okay to uh uh 00:13:24

restrict co2 emissions for large industries that would be the same thing okay uh what about number 00:13:32

three uh uh augustine would you be brave and try number three i know you were not in the class last 00:13:39

day so maybe you didn't have a chance to go over the exercises but don't worry yes yes uh i reach 00:13:45

a research a research uh um oh i don't know it's okay let's let's uh work on this one together 00:13:53

they are researching the consequences of each possible scenario researching is the verb our 00:14:04

research is easy easy easy is trying to to solve the possible the consequence of the possible 00:14:08

scenarios okay well we're missing the verb over there okay so we need to use a verb for example 00:14:19

we can have we have several collocations with this right so for example typically we do research 00:14:24

or we carry out research right or we even conduct research so you could have all these three 00:14:31

constructions okay so for example research uh is being done or is being carried out 00:14:39

or research is being conducted 00:14:49

about the consequences 00:14:51

of each possible scenario 00:14:53

we have to get used to this 00:14:54

don't worry too much 00:14:58

what about number four 00:15:00

Ricardo, what would you do with number four 00:15:02

they will confirm the results 00:15:04

after further analysis 00:15:06

after further tests 00:15:07

your microphone, Ricardo 00:15:09

the confirmation of results 00:15:14

were made after further tests 00:15:19

ok 00:15:22

yeah was made or was announced or was given even okay all of those would work okay confirmation 00:15:23

of the results was made or was given after further tests all right but one question sure so there'd 00:15:31

be future events right in this case where they will confirm uh yeah the confirmation uh oh hold 00:15:38

on there's two more people here let me bring them on okay so uh yeah the confirmation of the 00:15:46

results will be made. Yeah, it would actually be better, more similar, more 00:15:53

accurate to the original text. Yeah. Why am I not... there's more than four 00:15:57

questions, right? This doesn't seem to let me go any farther. It's only four. I hate 00:16:05

this. Eight. Yeah, it was showing. The lower part of it was not showing, but I 00:16:11

think it's fine now so bar number five we have arranged for him to be met at 00:16:19

the airport instead of arrange Paloma what could we use over there your 00:16:25

microphone number five okay arrangements have been made for him to be met at the airport 00:16:33

perfect okay arrangements have been made okay perfect uh what about number six uh beatrice uh 00:16:48

no one explained why there was a delay so there was no explanation why there was a delay 00:16:57

okay so there was no explanation or uh no explanation was given for example okay 00:17:06

okay because it's like no one is giving you the explanation for that okay so no explanation was 00:17:13

given on why there was a delay good uh what about number seven diana they legislated to 00:17:20

the burning of coal in people's homes what's the common collocation with legislation you remember 00:17:28

guys that when you are in doubt about this are actually just to increase your vocabulary to 00:17:37

enlarge it my recommendation is that you go to uh that you go hold on a second that you go over to 00:17:42

the collocations dictionaries okay are you uh can you see the collocation dictionary now hold on a 00:17:51

second maybe i didn't do it properly you can see your your screen my screen okay so i think i made 00:17:58

a mistake here yes yes this should be it all right so the collocation dictionary right so 00:18:06

if you need something with legislation which is maybe i'm using this one as an example because 00:18:14

it's less common right than some of the other ones that we saw legislation so if you come over here 00:18:19

it's always a matter of collocation you look up the verb that makes a that collect collocates with 00:18:26

with your verb with your noun in this case so for example for collocation we have approve 00:18:35

an act introduce pass okay so Congress approved legislation which outlawed the 00:18:41

sale of drugs and so on okay so any of these verbs or adopt even could be used 00:18:49

in our example let me go back to the book so they legislated to ban the 00:18:55

burning of coal in people's homes Diana what would you make of it 00:19:08

legislation yeah a legislation was uh approved to to ban the burning of coal in people's homes 00:19:16

okay more more better than a proof is ban is a pass for example okay it's a better collocation 00:19:27

it's a more frequent collocation so you could say legislation was passed to uh ban the burning 00:19:33

of coal legislation was enacted or you could even say a law a law was passed to 00:19:39

about the burden of coals and so on okay so they're always with this there's 00:19:48

typically more than one possibility and then Mitre what about number eight 00:19:51

people with their energy costs assistance will be provided to people on 00:19:59

on the yeah with two people okay that's an interesting point let me uh go on for a second 00:20:07

oh i mean go back to uh to the blackboard for a second and uh i just want you to notice 00:20:20

let's work on this sentence okay this very sentence oops and i'll come to this later but 00:20:27

the uh we could have something like this assistance will be provided to people 00:20:36

okay this is like the skeleton of our sentence right but we have one more complement in that 00:20:46

sentence that we may want to use okay which is with energy costs right so how could we include 00:20:53

this into the original sentence well we can have it like this assistance 00:21:00

energy costs that's it will be provided to people okay that that sounds good to you 00:21:06

it should because it's a correct sentence okay but now what about the second alternative i'm 00:21:19

giving you now assistance will be provided to people with energy costs does this make sense 00:21:24

to you is this correct i don't think it's correct i don't think so well the sentence is correct i 00:21:37

I mean, we mean that it refers to the assistants, not to the people. 00:21:47

That's it. 00:21:54

Okay. 00:21:55

So in this case, we cannot move the complement freely towards the end because we would be 00:21:56

changing the antecedents. 00:22:01

We would be changing the noun that we are referring back to. 00:22:04

Okay. 00:22:08

So in one case is the assistants and in the other case would be people. 00:22:08

Okay. 00:22:12

so I'm I'm stopping on this example because if you remember last day we saw 00:22:12

how we sometimes can move the compliments or some parts of the 00:22:19

sentence to the end for greater emphasis okay so I will just be noting some cases 00:22:25

throughout these days in which we can or cannot do that and sometimes where we 00:22:30

can do it there is a change in meaning and sometimes when it's actually no 00:22:34

changing meaning so that was just one more example uh so that was the last sentence right 00:22:38

let me go back to that that was the last sentence over there yes that was the last one so guys uh 00:22:46

let's uh work a little bit more on on this nominalization uh these are the examples we 00:22:54

had over there but i gave you a number of examples to think of okay now what you've seen here 00:23:02

before we go into that what you've seen here the all these examples that we had 00:23:08

these were nouns sorry verbs that we changed into a noun sentence right into 00:23:13

a noun expression but this is not the only case where we can use 00:23:20

nominalization there are more examples where I gave you the other day was a 00:23:25

number of sentences and I was asking you to figure out how you could use 00:23:29

nouns and those sentences okay this is the list of sentences I gave you okay 00:23:37

and I don't know if you went over these or not it was something for you to think 00:23:51

of more than any other thing what we're gonna do now is go over some samples for 00:23:58

this exercise that you work on on yourself of yourselves okay so let me go 00:24:05

over this is not a simple uh part of the english grammar okay this is not a simple issue but you 00:24:11

know uh if we start thinking about it we eventually can understand uh how this work is not that 00:24:18

difficult either okay so guys you know that in languages we have the metaphor which is sometimes 00:24:26

like a more poetical or extended way of saying something okay sometimes languages look for 00:24:35

economy so if you can use three words to say something you don't use six or you don't use ten 00:24:42

because there is what we call the economy of language but sometimes it's uh something 00:24:47

different that we look for we look for longer deeper expressions that provide some extra 00:24:51

meaning into what we are saying okay so it's not the same thing to drink than to have a drink 00:24:56

you see or you could be chatting with someone but then to have a chat with someone 00:25:03

these examples up here is the one I'm looking at they might add some slightly different meaning 00:25:07

okay to your sentence so this happens at the very low level this may happen with 00:25:14

this this may happen with very simple verbs like this okay and their equivalent expressions to have 00:25:19

a drink to have a chat but this also happens generally with more complex sentences because 00:25:28

it it helps you swift or sift actually the attention to something that you want 00:25:33

let's have a look into these two sentences a and B okay people in all 00:25:40

countries are now traveling abroad much more than they used to well this is not 00:25:46

actually accurate at this time is it but you get a minute so people in all 00:25:52

countries are now traveling abroad much more than they used to okay if you 00:25:58

compare that sentence to this other one, foreign travel is everywhere on increase. 00:26:02

Can you think of differences between these two sentences? Take a minute, think 00:26:07

about that, see if you can think of different points of view given by 00:26:14

those sentences. And what would be the nominalization that has taken place 00:26:19

here well if we look into this in detail these people people are such house they 00:26:29

have disappeared right now right we didn't have that so what we have done 00:26:43

here is people in all countries are traveling abroad all of that this 00:26:49

concept that people in all countries are now traveling abroad is what we have 00:26:54

summarizes what foreign trouble okay so the whole idea the whole uh noun a verb and some adverbs 00:26:59

all that concept has been packed in foreign trouble so somehow you have made an abstract 00:27:08

concept of it and now you can discuss that concept fully okay or in a different way okay 00:27:17

So foreign trouble is everywhere on increase. It's more packed, more neat than this. You see the difference? I mean, the facts are the same, but the way of expressing it, how it comes across is very different. This is so much more institutional, so to say, because you're speaking about foreign trouble. You're not speaking about people. 00:27:24

okay jose luis yes question sure but when you talk about nominalization here you are referring 00:27:43

to a sentence a full sentence not to a verb is this what you are saying that's it 00:27:53

and and you you you solve it by an adjective and a noun that's it foreign trouble 00:28:00

there might be different ways of doing it but the the core concept here is that 00:28:06

something which is fuller you make it more abstract by referring to it by by presenting it 00:28:12

as a concept instead of an action made by someone and this and this and that somehow it becomes more 00:28:19

abstract it becomes a concept when you nominalize it okay we're going to see more examples of this 00:28:27

and how and how this changes this is related at a very low language level this is related to it's 00:28:34

kind of a metaphor like when you say you refer to something by saying something else kind of okay so 00:28:39

it's it's similar to that there's one paragraph here in the document that gives you uh the idea 00:28:46

of what i'm saying here okay so if you're looking at these two sentences that we read these two 00:28:53

sentences here what it tells you is that these two versions of the same idea actually they present 00:28:58

very different cognitive mappings. They present very different ways of looking at it. 00:29:03

The semantic and syntactic structures, the language that you use, is different. Over here 00:29:09

you have just one simple verb and over here you have a number of verbs because it was a more 00:29:16

complex sentence grammatically. Now you have simplified that and nominalized that. 00:29:21

So what it says is that the event is perspectivized differently in each case with 00:29:27

the attention center in the second on the salient abstraction of foreign trouble rather than on the 00:29:32

person's so the facts are the same but you choose how to nominalize this to bring your attention to 00:29:38

whatever you want okay it's kind of a grammatical metaphor is how they call this okay now 00:29:46

why do we use why do we use these kind of things many times we use this to distance 00:29:52

ourselves from the event okay so it makes it like of a higher abstraction 00:29:59

okay let me give you another example okay which we have down here so this 00:30:05

hold on a second because I'm having some problems with the window on it I just 00:30:15

want to be able to scroll sideways like this okay so I'm looking to these two 00:30:22

sentences again okay a and B here I'll give you a minute to read them through 00:30:30

oops damn it I'll give you a minute if I can 00:30:36

stay quiet there you go these two sentences take a minute to read them 00:30:39

through so guys after reading them is the information different does it change 00:30:44

from one version to the other yes it does in which way in the second sentence 00:31:29

there's more information because they're talking about uh spending more than than it was planned 00:31:36

and it's not that's not implied in the first sentence okay yeah absolutely over there you 00:31:42

are you are right okay they just left that out okay so how would you change the sentence at the 00:31:53

top to make the meaning absolutely the same maybe we could have something like government spending 00:31:58

showed positive growth in the last quarter was showed higher positive 00:32:04

growth in the last quarter than it was planned for example okay we have someone 00:32:14

else joining in Caesar is joining in okay so yes this lots these pieces of 00:32:21

information that it was higher than expected higher than planned is not 00:32:27

packed in this okay however that was not that was very acutely observed but that 00:32:30

was not the point I wanted to focus on even if I asked that question I want you 00:32:36

to compare the government to spend much more money to government spending it's 00:32:40

like the main character in the second one is the government I mean the first 00:32:47

one is the amount of money no they suspended that's it so in the first one 00:32:51

we're focusing on who and this is on the doer so to say whereas in the first one government spending 00:32:56

so it's kind of an institutionalized thing it's something that you already take for granted 00:33:02

you know if there's government there's government spending so it's like conceptually it's more 00:33:06

packed than the government spend much more money and this and that okay it's it the idea of using 00:33:14

nouns and nominalizing this way is that it gives you like a core idea that it's uh is less 00:33:21

disputable so to say if you look into the second sentence you may say well the government's point 00:33:27

much more sounds like uh the government made a decision made a how would i say this that uh that 00:33:33

they were actively making decisions on spending you know and it was them who was making the 00:33:42

decisions. However, with the first sentence, government spending, somehow you assume that 00:33:47

governments are there to spend money already, okay? You see what I mean? It's make this a 00:33:55

little bit more abstract, okay? This is not an easy thing, but it's a matter of how ideas are 00:34:00

perceived differently, okay? The explanation that they give typically is something like what you 00:34:06

have here okay a nominalization the the fact of using government spending instead of the government 00:34:13

spend much more money can give the impression that what it expresses what is being said is a 00:34:19

recognized piece of information okay it's something which is beyond dispute okay it's like this is the 00:34:24

idea already okay another thing would be this bit okay positive growth okay positive growth 00:34:30

it's actually spent much more right this positive growth is spent much more but it's not the same 00:34:39

when you speak about growth like this it's more institutionalized you see what i mean it's like 00:34:48

it's not easy but we have to 00:34:53

to come to terms with this let's see a few more examples okay what i'm trying to show you today 00:34:56

is that we don't just nominalize verbs we don't just nominalize actions as we saw in the first 00:35:05

example we nominalize and many different things okay for example processes an example that you 00:35:10

have in the in the sentences i asked you to to work on was without hesitating at all that would 00:35:18

be the basic sentence right that would be the basic sentence that i was asking you like without 00:35:25

hesitating at all. Now the nominalized form could be something like without the 00:35:31

slightest hesitation. It's the same thing but not quite. 00:35:38

As we compare these two columns you will see that the meanings are very 00:35:46

similar but the implications not so much. Take a deep breath. So in this case 00:35:51

is the process of having a doubt, in this case is the process of breathing. 00:35:57

there was a sudden burst of laughter or he burst out laughing suddenly so this 00:36:02

is kind of conceptualized you are taking these things for granted as a process 00:36:09

okay instead of explaining the process X continued to explore a map the world the 00:36:14

exploration and mapping of the world went on let's focus on letter D for a 00:36:21

second damn it for a second you see how uh if i kind of say that who christopher columbus i don't 00:36:28

know christopher columbus continued to explore and map the world sounds much more isolated it's like 00:36:37

well he did but who else you know and less uh systematic so to say than if we say the exploration 00:36:45

and mapping of the world went on we have kind of we are working with a broader concept so to say 00:36:52

with a tighter abstraction more more concentrated so to say yes beatrice go ahead oh sorry i i know 00:37:01

yes i would like to ask is this device this uh grammatical metaphor device this nominalization 00:37:12

is it uh does it refer to any specific text text or nothing to do with that i mean for example for 00:37:19

reports or for media or or nothing to do with specific tests some some some is it linked to 00:37:28

specific text types is what you're asking here okay like we would find this more commonly in 00:37:38

this text uh in this type of text or another actually uh for some of it we do okay so in 00:37:41

economic tests okay this kind of language that we saw before it's the 00:37:49

common thing to do okay like when you read an economic report they don't 00:37:54

typically say the government spend much more money than this and that they could 00:37:59

use the other version you know government spending so positive growth 00:38:02

and so on so in general terms in the in the fields when you are discussing this 00:38:05

stuff it's very typical that there will be a set of nominalized concepts over 00:38:10

there and those are the ones that you will use frequently okay now does this mean that we only 00:38:15

use hey somebody's oh is that me or is that you who's drawing ah somebody else is no guys this 00:38:20

is so well this is someone here or is it me and i'm making this without noticing no i don't think 00:38:27

so okay now i really don't know oh it's interesting so i actually shared this in a way that you can 00:38:32

draw on it which may be useful well my point my point here was that that yes 00:38:41

it's specific to some text types but not only in certain text types you will find 00:38:50

a set of concepts nominalized in this way but if you look at these examples 00:38:56

over here it this kind of thing could happen in any kind of text more or less 00:39:00

okay and and it will skip some examples but it happens I mean typically it 00:39:04

happens in more complex tests but sometimes like the examples that we had 00:39:16

before at the very beginning about these ones here about drinking or having a 00:39:20

drink or having a drink sounds more relaxed for example than drinking okay 00:39:27

it's like more of a it's a more civilized kind of thing okay but that's not specific to any 00:39:32

particular kind of text oh sorry Elena uh I didn't see your hand up until now hold on 00:39:38

I think you need to open your microphone yeah oh now we're having a problem we can hear you Elena 00:39:46

now oh now we can yes now we can okay no it was just that I was looking all the options and I 00:39:58

in a 00:40:06

you have seen a pencil in your scene 00:40:07

say that again 00:40:10

you think I was looking at all the options 00:40:12

and I click on the pencil is that what you said 00:40:14

no I mean that I was 00:40:16

looking at all the options 00:40:18

of the program 00:40:19

and I have 00:40:20

been doing something with the pencil 00:40:23

ok ok 00:40:25

don't you worry 00:40:26

but it was a mistake 00:40:28

I thought it was 00:40:30

only for me that 00:40:33

and you haven't seen that we we need to explore i don't know guys could you all see her highlighting 00:40:34

on the text or maybe it was only me as the teacher no you could all see it yeah we saw it 00:40:40

we saw it as well which is good because if we have to cooperate on a diagram or something 00:40:46

everyone can be pointing out precisely what what he or she wants to say well there's not there's 00:40:53

a lot of options there are there are too many i'm not familiar with i mean not too many but there's 00:40:59

there's such a big lot of options that i'm not familiar with uh many of them yet because i don't 00:41:04

get as many opportunities to practice uh other than these lessons so yeah it's something that 00:41:09

we need to some of them i really don't know like i don't know i feel like tempted but if i start 00:41:15

clicking on everything then i will lose a lot of time so we have to have to uh explore the options 00:41:21

in some other setting 00:41:27

I think we have time for that 00:41:28

yeah I mean 00:41:31

it's with some time it will happen 00:41:33

naturally okay and there will be time 00:41:35

for it as well 00:41:37

careful with the cat 00:41:38

oh it's 8 o'clock again 00:41:39

alright so guys 00:41:47

let's take a brief 00:41:49

pause okay like 5 minutes or so 00:41:50

should be fine alright 00:41:53

okay 00:41:54

all right okay see you okay guys i have a nephew here who's a musician and uh he was playing i 00:41:56

survived today every day he changes and delights us and encourages the medicals with uh with uh 00:44:57

different piece so which is a good thing uh jose luis yes do you know if we can see all the people 00:45:06

uh in the meeting can you know right hand side yes yes you could you only see me or what 00:45:14

no i can see only one eight people and then i have like an arrow and if i choose the arrow 00:45:21

then there are eight more go upwards to the to the window bar to the very top of the window where 00:45:31

you see all the small faces and there should be over there three four different options 00:45:38

the first line the second one is the bigger is a bigger square then there's two lines over there 00:45:42

and the fourth option over there is like a grid yeah and i chose that one you chose the grid 00:45:48

then then when you if you have already chosen the grid come come uh downwards to the corner of the 00:45:54

window to the corner of that window and there will be three different three um tilted lines 00:46:01

and you can make it a smaller or bigger yes you can readjust the size of it but of course you 00:46:07

don't if we are many people we we cannot see uh i can see all of you but it depends it really 00:46:15

depends on the size of your screen okay okay okay thank you it's actually much nicer i always try to 00:46:21

because it's like 12 of us i try to pull uh to put it so i can see everyone okay thank you also 00:46:28

if you if you have two screens which uh some people do with their laptops and so on you can 00:46:35

have all the people on one screen and then and then yeah this would be nice the other one okay 00:46:42

so when when we're back in the lessons if that may or may that may or may not happen this year 00:46:47

guys to be honest okay because uh we really don't know but uh if you remember when we tried this 00:46:53

with Maite to begin with, that we have those problems. 00:47:01

Ideally, if we were doing this in class, 00:47:06

we would have like one screen 00:47:09

for people who are attending remotely, 00:47:10

and then the other screen, the other monitor 00:47:13

for people who, I mean, for whatever we are showing, 00:47:14

but it will come with time. 00:47:18

Okay, Emilian was kicked out and I'm just admitting him back. 00:47:20

I'm just admitting him back okay so what was that yes we basically were saying 00:47:25

you had asked whether this was common of any particular text and so on and this 00:47:34

is common of a more of a more higher register or a more formal register but 00:47:40

not exclusive okay not exclusive so uh uh so more examples okay again just this one for example 00:47:46

this one the usefulness of this machinery is dwindling or is uh being reduced is very 00:48:00

different in concept from saying these machinery is becoming less useful you see why because if 00:48:07

If you use this first sentence, you're talking about usefulness in general. 00:48:14

Your departure point is the usability of things, whether things are being used or not, and 00:48:17

they become obsolete or not, and so on. 00:48:23

If you use the second sentence, this machinery is becoming less useful. 00:48:26

Your topic, the thing that you're talking about is this machinery, okay? 00:48:30

And then in particular about that, well, you can say that it's becoming less useful. 00:48:34

whereas on the first part you are talking more abstractly as the usefulness of things 00:48:38

I know it's not straightforward 00:48:47

I just want you to get familiar with a number of examples 00:48:50

so that when this comes up in the texts that we read 00:48:53

and in the language that you see you become more used to it 00:49:00

another example guys other kind of things that we nominalize that we make 00:49:05

entities to nominalize is to make something an entity to give it to give 00:49:11

it some weight of its own so for example the travelers arrived in Rome on August 00:49:14

the 12th this is fine if you're talking about the travelers travelers arrived in 00:49:20

Rome on August the 12th and then they did this and they did that and isn't 00:49:26

that however if you want to found if you want to talk if you want to focus on the 00:49:30

date because something else happened on the date then august the 12th found the travelers in rome 00:49:36

and that was the beginning of the revolution or these are these are that you see what i 00:49:43

mean the point of view that you provide is slightly different thank you exactly the 00:49:48

same thing over here during the last decade agricultural technology has increased as never 00:49:53

before it's slightly different from saying their last decade has witnessed an unprecedented rise 00:49:56

in agriculture technology okay again you are making something the focus of your speech okay 00:50:02

or for example this is a compliment again a time compliment again in the 17th century scientific 00:50:10

books began to be published systematically however if you want to focus on you know on that 00:50:15

period of time then you say in this the 17th century saw the development of blah blah blah 00:50:21

So, basically, the whole point here is that the point of view that you provide is slightly different and that when you use nominalized things, you're making your text a bit more abstract, okay, more conceptual, which may be useful depending on your register and so on, okay? 00:50:27

again more examples of this will come up the straightforward ones are the the ones we saw 00:50:50

in your book and this is something for you to keep in mind basically okay i will have more people 00:50:58

over here holding this back again okay so uh guys that was it about nominalization okay uh that was 00:51:04

pretty much that was pretty much it there will be more examples that will come up later in the book 00:51:13

but i don't think we have to focus on that anymore now so let me go ahead 00:51:19

and we're going to move on we're going to work on the on the following unit here 00:51:25

let's get started by discussing these leading questions that we have on it's actually on what 00:51:31

this is on page 58 of your book the ones i'm showing over there but this is for you to work 00:51:40

pairs or groups of three. Totally different point, okay? We're done with the 00:51:45

examples of nominalization. Let's move on from the grammar to some language usage. 00:51:49

Working pairs. Look at the online comment, okay? There's been a text over here and 00:51:54

somebody has made a comment about that, okay? It says, I have a question. It might 00:51:59

seem childish to some, but please think about it anyway. Why do we have to pay to 00:52:04

believe in our own planet okay remember oh i didn't tell you but the the title of this unit 00:52:11

is land for all and it will be discussing you know the unit will be discussing if the property 00:52:17

system is something good or not and and so on if you remember the uh the whole unit is about 00:52:23

uh is about the energy and economic resources sorry the economic resources it was first the 00:52:31

energy that we discussed over here it was then energy again in the second unit 00:52:37

and now it's turning into land as an economic as an economic resources again 00:52:41

okay so let's have a quick look into these three questions and now I'm gonna 00:52:46

break you into smaller groups and see what you use which questions oh can you 00:52:52

not oh damn it thank you i am lost yes uh and you very much must be because you know what happened 00:53:00

i switched to a different screen on my computer oh i didn't didn't share it to you okay i was 00:53:08

talking i was pointing at these questions over here and uh forgot to switch on okay this is 00:53:15

actually a feature of the program that i find both convenient and confusing because uh the the 00:53:22

program is sharing with you what I have on one particular window. But then, of course, if I go 00:53:30

ahead and open a different window, you are not seeing that. So I have to be very mindful of what 00:53:36

I want you to see. This is good because maybe I can open something else and, you know, look at it 00:53:40

while you are working or whatever on these questions. But this is also bad in the sense 00:53:45

that if I forget, somebody has to tell me, like, hey, you are not talking about anything that we 00:53:48

can see all right so guys this is what I was saying so this this is the topic of 00:53:53

this unit how you know the property system and so on if that's a good thing 00:54:00

or not some limitations that it might have so let's go ahead and work on these 00:54:03

three questions this is the this is supposed to be a comment okay that you 00:54:09

found on the internet and so on and then good working on this questions here let 00:54:14

me go ahead and see if I can 00:54:19

if I can share this now oh it's words now that's what we're yeah now you can 00:54:23

say it but I'm trying hmm I think I was trying to break you into smaller groups 00:54:34

but you know what happens while I am sharing the screen I cannot break you 00:54:42

into a smaller groups okay but you do have the book right and it's on page 50 00:54:46

yes it's on page 58 the first three question on page 58 so uh i'm gonna break you now into 00:54:52

the smaller groups all right let's see so let's there we go all right guys so you can go ahead 00:54:59

and join the uh smaller group that you were invited to i made groups of three people okay 00:55:13

terrific terrific cool so don't be surprised 00:55:19

Augustine it's because now this is a feature that probably you haven't seen 00:55:46

yet oh but he figured out okay terrific 00:55:50

okay hello let's see 00:57:10

Thank you. 00:58:09

okay i see a smiley faces over there which is good 00:59:38

is that anytime you give us the chance to be in smaller groups yeah you start chatting 01:00:09

in english in english about any any other thing right but no you know we have to talk yeah we 01:00:22

we are like curious about the others yes but we were we were talking in english all the time 01:00:30

that's good that's good that's actually that was uh my intention when i tried to set up the 01:00:35

classrooms so that you could have some uh a waiting room where you could already be chatting 01:00:41

to each other before i started the the meeting as such that was my intention that you had some time 01:00:45

to you know to come up to date and so on but um i must have uh misconfigured something i'll try for 01:00:50

next day because i understand it's very uh you know it's only natural it's only human that you 01:00:57

want to know how how you are all doing but at the same time we do that in the full session with the 01:01:01

16 or the 14 of us uh then it's a little bit it's a little bit too much typically but it's okay 01:01:07

so don't you worry about that blast 01:01:14

okay so uh i think i think that's it we are all back okay so uh 01:01:20

are we all back yes so guys uh you see now is when i have to remember to change the screen 01:01:29

so we can all have the questions over there so opinions okay uh yeah let's uh blast would you go 01:01:36

ahead i always i typically ask you depending on how you appear on my little window or my grid over 01:01:45

there you know and it's not always the same position because when you come in if when you 01:01:52

come back from these more groups it's it's all rearranged now emilia used to be at the top and 01:01:57

i mean is the very bottom because he was allowed to come in so well anyhow plus what do you think 01:02:02

about this have you ever thought about this kind of question don't forget to open your mic 01:02:07

no hold on hold on there you go okay uh well we were talking and uh we uh have like a conclusion 01:02:14

that is it could be an answer there could be an answer and it's like okay we may not pay for it 01:02:25

but as long as we share some services i think we have to pay you know because living is not 01:02:32

only having a place a house or a closed space where you live but it's also a lot of services 01:02:38

that we have to share like water or electricity you know so so how you pay for that too you know 01:02:44

that is an excellent that is an excellent answer isn't it 01:02:53

guys someone from the other groups would you have something else to add to this 01:02:56

is that a good answer i don't remember how you were grouped so i don't remember 01:03:03

who else to us okay so uh yeah i don't know uh your name is that a good answer could you find 01:03:08

something else to add to that does it make sense to you the answer that blast gave yeah pretty much 01:03:16

okay so yes is that a good answer yes and they came up with it okay so more specifically now 01:03:21

would be question number two okay do we in spain typically rent or own our homes and how do you 01:03:30

think that compares to other regions that you may know of okay my take would you like to tell us 01:03:36

about that no i think my taste frozen might tell you there well you know that uh as more and more 01:03:42

people are are jumping onto the video conferencing systems and the massive use of the online 01:03:52

connections and so on and you know think of all the people who are watching netflix uh 01:03:58

series at this at this time so sometimes there's a burden on the net questions and so on okay well 01:04:03

uh oh i think she just came back so might as you just came back and i was precisely asking you 01:04:10

okay so uh what about the second question there uh in spain do people generally rent 01:04:16

or own their own homes and how you think that compares to other to other regions that you may 01:04:23

know of so what we have uh said on the group is that uh this is something cultural for instance 01:04:28

here we own our homes while for instance in germany they usually rent the homes more probably 01:04:36

and also in some other countries not developed but countries they are used to uh not to pay for 01:04:46

any home at all right so they built on our by by themselves so yeah so they build their houses 01:04:56

all by themselves and then yeah that makes a lot of sense i was wondering because it's actually 01:05:04

i think i quite agree with what you were saying but it's actually most of the countries in our 01:05:12

environment that are used to where people typically rent instead of own right so why 01:05:17

you think spain is is there a reason that you know of or that you can think of why spain 01:05:24

might be different in that regard and also have we been different like that for too long or is 01:05:28

that something like i don't know i'm curious is this something dating back from 20 years ago 30 01:05:35

years ago 40 years ago 100 years ago i don't imagine my ancestors owning their houses so when 01:05:41

when did we begin to massively own the houses that we live in anyone do you have any insights into 01:05:48

this maybe maybe it has to do with the sense of family family members within uh well maybe in a 01:05:57

house there used to live a five or six or seven people several generations and then they also 01:06:08

there is also another concept of heritage or inheritance. Well heritage we use it more 01:06:17

typically for the cultural values and the works of art and the architecture that defines a country 01:06:29

okay so that is your heritage and also your your upbringing and all that okay and then what you get 01:06:36

from your parents for example that is your inheritance inheritance okay so in spanish 01:06:43

probably could be patrimonio sometimes can be used for both things but you know when you 01:06:50

refer to patrimonio cultural and so on that's your heritage and the monetary property thing 01:06:55

is your inheritance so maybe maybe it has to do with that in that sense probably italy 01:07:03

would be the closest to us i don't know i have no experience no particular experience in this 01:07:10

sorry how do you say when we were talking when we were small groups and we didn't know how to say it 01:07:15

you can say for example it's a game changer when something uh typically when something completely 01:07:24

change the scenario that you're working you can say it's a game changer or you can say it's a 01:07:29

turning point turning point is like more mild if you want to say that for example a new product 01:07:35

or a new thing it's going to change something radically then you could probably say it's a 01:07:40

game changer okay so for example people lived in europe with all their comforts and safety and then 01:07:45

the corona virus cave and it was a game changer because people started to pay so much more 01:07:51

attention to public hope so to say okay or turning point is kind of the same thing but 01:07:57

less emphatic okay so yeah what do you see well that would be it my question could be better 01:08:04

phrases what do you think was the turning point for this how did we when did we start becoming 01:08:10

like this and owning our property i'm not sure but i but i suppose that a hundred years ago or 01:08:15

150 years ago most of the people live in towns not in cities and 150 years ago they don't exist 01:08:22

the buildings that exist nowadays in the cities so at that time I suppose that 01:08:33

each people each family lives in unifamiliar houses and they were built by themselves 01:08:42

they will help to build by the neighbors or family or another and other people so I think 01:08:49

the change has appear when the cities start as development the changes started when when the 01:08:59

change took place when when cities started to develop yes probably at the end of the 19th 01:09:11

century and in the big cities because i suppose that before just 20 of the population lives in 01:09:17

cities and the rest live in the countryside and in the towns so i think is the this is the change of 01:09:24

that's interesting but then my question could be uh like the the the uh growth of cities 01:09:30

was pretty much i think uh or happened pretty much at the same time throughout europe you know 01:09:40

like the same growth of cities probably took place in Italy 01:09:45

or maybe it happened a bit earlier in England 01:09:49

because of the industrialization and so on. 01:09:52

But, you know, the big growth of cities 01:09:54

in the late 19th and 20th century and so on 01:09:56

was pretty much at the same time. 01:10:00

And yet, you know, in some places 01:10:01

there was a bigger tendency to buying 01:10:04

and in some other places, 01:10:08

I suppose this is a very complex question 01:10:10

that would require some 01:10:12

economical analysis. 01:10:14

I don't know. 01:10:16

But yeah, we agree on the 01:10:18

answer to number two. And then 01:10:20

as a conclusion, 01:10:22

property and land, is that seen 01:10:25

as a good investment? Your personal opinion. 01:10:26

What do you think? 01:10:29

Holly, what do you think? 01:10:31

Diana, what do you think? Anyone? 01:10:33

Yes, I think it is 01:10:37

a good investment without 01:10:38

any kind of doubt. 01:10:40

because i think now we are in a in a second boom of the of the construction sector yes i yes i 01:10:41

think that unless that's my feeling in the in my suburb that's where where i live okay 01:10:56

Because there's a lot of new constructions and I don't see any flat to buy or to rent. 01:11:04

I have the feeling that before the construction, these flats have been sold, have been sold 01:11:18

before. 01:11:25

Okay, okay, so what you are saying basically is that you believe there is no stock left 01:11:26

and that we are heading to a to a big boom in the construction sector again 01:11:32

basically right yes i think that okay aloma you raised your hand before that 01:11:38

was something that you wanted to say um 01:11:43

just an example i'm a single and i'll be a single forever i think 01:11:48

no i i agree so 01:11:54

when you say i agree what do you mean over there and you mean i am a single 01:12:00

i'll be single forever and i'm happy with it i'm happy with it i'm not in a crisis because i don't 01:12:03

find my no not at all i'd like to be a singer you never know baloma 01:12:08

beatriz that sounds like experience talking 01:12:13

um for me be the owner of a property a flat small flat in madrid 01:12:18

for me it's an investment because then when i get older and i'll be an elderly woman i if i 01:12:25

survive to this crisis on the fourth of course after this is gonna be awful um i think it's 01:12:32

gonna be the money that i'm gonna get in order to pay um a place where i will be um if i need 01:12:42

some kind of special care or whatever this is the money that i have so you are more confident 01:12:51

having your money put in in the real estate sector in a property than in the bank basically 01:12:59

that's what you're saying yeah also guys uh i don't know if you're familiar but this is something 01:13:07

with with this i'm gonna say about uh how what what families do in the states very typically 01:13:12

when their kids move out to university does anybody know what they typically many many times 01:13:17

do their parents they sell the house and they buy a smaller one yeah they downgrade 01:13:24

that's it yeah they they downgrade they call that downgrading okay so it's a it's a way you know 01:13:35

it's a way to uh on the one hand to uh reduce your recurrent spending you know your your your 01:13:42

expenses on the other hand with the money that you make it helps pay the the tuition fees of 01:13:50

your children you know because typically in the states they have to pay the tuition fees and on 01:13:57

the you know finally that makes it very difficult for the children to come back home when they are 01:14:04

done at university so it's so it's all very well thought out all right good uh so let's go ahead 01:14:10

um we're gonna go ahead and have a quick very quick look on exercise two which i think we can 01:14:21

do on the fly okay we don't need to prepare for this it's a very simple one okay so guys they 01:14:27

basically asking us to complete to complete the definitions using just one word per space 01:14:34

half 30 seconds see how you would complete use each of those sentences 01:14:41

shall we go what will you have for the first one 01:15:37

profit profit for example yes speculator is someone who risks loses for the possibility 01:15:43

of a big profit of big profits in this case right because it's in the plural profits or big gains 01:15:50

you could also say okay big gains big profits the creditor someone who what lend lends that's it 01:15:58

someone who lends money to someone else okay uh also we could say loans you know that if it's a 01:16:07

amount of money and so on we also say loans okay and then an asset is something which a person or 01:16:16

an organization what owns owns that's it somebody said something else i couldn't quite hear what was 01:16:24

it i said improve but not really not really is a personal organization owns or a personal 01:16:32

organization possesses maybe but sometimes in in the contracts said that for example provide 01:16:40

food or provide accommodation as an asset yeah probably you know that contracts this is again 01:16:50

legal thing and they have very specific terms for example compensation in a contract is not 01:17:00

the same thing as we typically understand 01:17:06

for us compensation 01:17:08

however in everyday 01:17:10

speech compensation is what we 01:17:18

understand to make up for something 01:17:20

so we need to 01:17:22

we need to 01:17:24

in those specific 01:17:25

registers 01:17:27

or areas 01:17:30

fields 01:17:31

we have to watch out for language 01:17:33

And then a commodity, everyday things that are what? 01:17:36

Owned. 01:17:44

Well, which are bought, so you buy them and sold. 01:17:45

And sold. 01:17:49

So those are commodities, okay? 01:17:50

Okay. 01:17:56

So bien es de consumo, basically, okay? 01:17:57

Commodities are basically bien es de consumo. 01:18:00

It makes your life more comfortable. 01:18:04

Yes. 01:18:06

but but basic uh basic goods or basic basic services or everyday things like common things 01:18:06

is just to make it different from an investment because for example you can pay you can buy shares 01:18:16

or you can buy a property okay and a property like a house or so on is not a commodity 01:18:21

so a commodity could it's typically more everyday things let's uh let me go ahead and check for a 01:18:29

second, because it may be useful. Let me go ahead and see if we have a, another key word here is 01:18:36

utility, of course. Commodity here. If you go over to the definition, I just went to the 01:18:45

definition of the dictionary. And basically for commodities, it says a substance or product that 01:18:57

can be traded bought or sold substance or product something that you can trade 01:19:03

more easily than than property okay and that was the last one so it's not too 01:19:10

difficult oops okay I just closed the whole book it's not too important so 01:19:19

guys let's go ahead and let's go ahead and we may be working on the text for a 01:19:25

minute but before we do that there is something I want to explain regarding 01:19:33

regarding next next day's homework okay and because I don't want to run out of 01:19:39

time to explain that I'm gonna do that now and then we'll come back to the text 01:19:44

with whatever time we have left okay so 01:19:49

So, basically, I want you to have a look into these six sentences, okay? 01:19:54

Let's, again, work in small groups. 01:20:05

I'm just asking you to translate these expressions back into English. 01:20:07

It's a very simple thing, okay? 01:20:11

We took these expressions. 01:20:12

We took a text here, which I'll show you in a minute. 01:20:14

We took this text, which is on corona, and we have taken out some expressions on corona. 01:20:17

When one says corona these days, you know which corona we refer to, right? 01:20:22

So we have this text in corona. 01:20:26

We took out a number of expressions, okay? 01:20:28

Basically, this exercise is designed to increase your language awareness, okay? 01:20:31

And point to a number of expressions that you could find in the text, okay? 01:20:37

So what I want you to do is to think of possible translations of these expressions into English. 01:20:41

and then at home you will work on how those expressions fit on the original 01:20:47

text okay so let me you need to open the you need to open the blackboard because 01:20:52

I'm gonna break you in groups you need to open the blackboard to read to be 01:20:59

able to read the sentences okay all right let me go and try to come over 01:21:03

here and then I need to come over here and then I need to come over here there 01:21:14

you go it would just take us a couple of minutes 01:21:18

Thank you. 01:23:04

Hi there. 01:23:53

Hello. 01:25:48

Hi, Emilia, again. 01:25:53

You are on mute, José Luis. 01:26:10

You are on mute. 01:26:15

Yeah, we cannot hear you. 01:26:16

Okay. 01:26:17

All right. 01:26:18

I had a little accident while we were in the small groups. 01:26:19

I moved too abruptly and then my USB thing unplugged and probably that's why. 01:26:22

Okay, guys, I think we are pretty much back here. 01:26:35

so very quickly i just wanna uh i just wanna see what some of your alternatives were for these uh 01:26:40

expressions and then once again make note of all the alternatives that you have and then you will 01:26:46

use those when you are working on the full text okay so uh what you have for the first one 01:26:51

uh let's see uh hold on a second i need to enlarge this screen just as i was showing 01:26:59

beatrice before there we go so uh here we are so uh diana what would you have for the first one 01:27:05

typical translation for uh i motive of your microphone don't forget to activate your 01:27:15

microphone same thing just happened to me in a small group so no worries 01:27:24

okay yes that's it yeah um i'm not sure whether it's very accurate we were just 01:27:29

translating that we have reasons to to suspect on or it's a species that you chose we have 01:27:42

instead of oh there are yeah i mean yeah okay so there's reason to suspect there's reason to 01:27:53

belief there's reason to there are reasons to okay we'll see okay those those were not too bad 01:28:01

okay uh what about the second one the second one was probably more difficult you get anything for 01:28:08

that uh oh margarita margarita are you here she just uh joined and i think it's the first time 01:28:13

that that she is in the group so yes it's my first time hi oh okay hello we cannot see you 01:28:20

but we can hear you uh yes i don't know why the video is not it's not working but it's not my 01:28:29

computer so don't worry too much okay it's uh it's a good thing that you came for the first 01:28:35

time over here okay it's typically uh it may be two things either you have not allowed your 01:28:42

the video to be shared or there is something wrong with the webcam and so on okay so those 01:28:50

are typically the two settings in order to allow your video to be shared you need to come to the 01:28:55

lower section of your window and then on the dashboard make sure that the camera is not crossed 01:29:00

so that it says sharing video and if that's not it it's okay but i don't know why it's 01:29:07

it's i will try in another time yeah the next time it will work terrific terrific so yeah 01:29:16

possible translations for the por si por si solo can you think of anything we we 01:29:24

put on its own that could be a possible translation okay you know guys that I 01:29:33

picked these expressions because you what you will find in the text is 01:29:40

something slightly different and more idiomatic than the alternatives that you 01:29:43

are giving me now here okay i was thinking about um compound uh yeah go ahead i was gonna say what 01:29:48

about by itself by itself okay by and of itself for example that would be a very nice one okay 01:29:57

yes all of what about uh like a two word and like a compound self something self healing or self 01:30:05

oh okay depending on the context if it was used as an adjective that would be very very typical 01:30:14

okay it's a self-contained book you can find in it everything you want so this will depend on how 01:30:20

it is used in the sentence i was actually like linking it to the last one like self-healing 01:30:26

okay so i don't know okay that depending on the context yeah depending on on yeah on the grammar 01:30:33

of the of the gap of the sentence you will go for one thing or the other and then fire multi-organico 01:30:41

multi-organic failure okay and then there will be another way of saying 01:30:51

this which you will find in the text okay the symptoms uh 01:30:56

now if i read it in spanish and i tend to translate it already that doesn't 01:31:01

that that's no good the symptoms 01:31:05

pueden avanzar pueden evolucionar symptoms can what worsen worsen if it's uh evolving for the 01:31:07

worse okay basically you'll find another collocation over there that you may not be 01:31:17

familiar with and then curarse por si misma ya lo hemos visto antes so basically guys i just 01:31:23

wanted you to have some brainstorming on these expressions and as i said one of the assignments 01:31:30

for next day is to go over to the gap text over here okay and again with context this time with 01:31:36

context okay see which of those could work all right you will see diana either self whatever 01:31:44

thing works in this context or not depending on you know on the rest of things so uh the way um 01:31:53

i have you have the text over there with the gaps and then the questions i mean the answers sorry 01:32:00

you we will we will collect we will sorry not this one we will collect them in a form 01:32:05

okay so you have these two ways of doing it this is a combined thing so uh just for uh the last 01:32:10

few minutes uh let's go back to the um let's go back to the text that we were working on before 01:32:19

on the book and uh this one i think i closed it so let's go back to the book on page 58 01:32:24

and let's have a quick look on exercise five okay exercise five there i'll show you in a minute 01:32:34

exercise five on page 58 is asking you about a number of expressions that we use in this context 01:32:43

okay these ones here i think we know most of them okay take a take a couple of minutes see 01:32:52

see if you can describe these words, okay? Some of them you will know already, 01:33:00

these are not so difficult, and then when you read the text, which is part of the 01:33:07

assignment for next day, you will find these sentences, okay? Just 01:33:11

take a couple minutes without reading the text, just reading the sentences here 01:33:17

and see what definition you can provide from them a minute I think I've already 01:33:20

told you sometimes how in books in English books because most of the times 01:34:06

they are targeted to global market so many Asian people running the language 01:34:11

and so on and people with different backgrounds sometimes they they 01:34:16

highlight former words which are difficult for you know for non-Latin 01:34:21

speaking people and are sometimes difficult for the British people for 01:34:28

English-speaking people because they are formal but for us constitute diligence 01:34:32

inherent you know are not too difficult are they so guys what about it yeah go 01:34:37

ahead excuse me I want to say that it was a one time that some British people 01:34:44

told me that I use a very very proper language so it was for them it was very 01:34:51

strange because my my words are so very very cultural very I don't know how to 01:35:00

say that these are very lucky common that they were regular ones that they 01:35:06

use and this is because yes i use the ones that for me are easier of course yeah that's it okay 01:35:10

that's that's that's a stage in the learning of the language from our background we tend to use 01:35:20

the words that we know and that we know that facilitate well facilitate is a perfectly english 01:35:25

way but they would 99 of the times they would say make something easier you know so and this is a 01:35:30

tiny example same thing happens with all the phrase reverbs and stuff like that so it's a 01:35:36

process it's a process of mastering different registers okay and uh that's precisely why these 01:35:41

are these difficult words are highlighted in books what about amenities what are amenities guys 01:35:48

facilities or services services services that you that you need uh in your daily life as a 01:35:54

requirement or services that make things easier and more comfortable or more fun to you it's the 01:36:05

second okay i think that the one that made more fun no the the one that that really basic 01:36:13

that's it so we would have uh facilities for the kind of service that you need so to say 01:36:18

so these are the computer facilities in the university you can find computer facilities 01:36:27

here and there okay but then uh the theater is among the best amenities that we have in the 01:36:32

in the town for example okay so a slightly different thing about that question 01:36:39

i'm go it's about to finish i'm going to mute you uh augustine because your microphone was on 01:36:46

uh so if everyone made a dash for the exit this is very british though this is not immediate for 01:36:52

spanish speakers diana or ricardo or anyone could you get this one sprint or like race a sprint 01:36:58

that's it made a very quick move okay you dash for something okay crawling 01:37:07

miyan you lived in england right what was the last time that you went pop crawling 01:37:15

yeah um popcorn is when you go to different bars right well pop crawling basically well i remember 01:37:21

the last time i did pub crawling it was in new york in manhattan and i lived on on the 42nd street 01:37:28

by the ymca over there and we were like uh in soho pub crawling typically or technically is when you 01:37:35

stop in every single pub that you find that you find on your way back home like a pub tour yeah 01:37:42

and obviously crawling is that kind of movement that you make when you are you know on the floor 01:37:48

already on the ground and just moving your your hands or your arms and so on so it's not too 01:37:55

difficult inherent what responsibilities are inherent could you give me a synonym for that 01:38:02

natural or belonging or joint access characteristic okay uh if an employer rewarded an employee for 01:38:07

the diligence diligence elena can you think of a synonym for diligence it's more difficult for 01:38:22

us to think of synonyms that to know what these words mean obligations the what sorry obligations 01:38:33

requirements obligations is when you do things properly quickly no it's not quickly it's not 01:38:39

for their well-doing for the you know for the commitment commitment commitment it's broader 01:38:46

than commitment but commitment will be close your diligence is when you do things properly you know 01:38:54

for you're doing things properly and what constitutes lazy behavior what makes lazy 01:38:59

behavior right not too difficult over there okay good so as i said most of the words you 01:39:04

will find them pretty easy so guys let me go over on and see what what we are working on for next 01:39:10

day let me change this back to okay so basically what we have over here is i mean for the homework 01:39:19

for next day is the the text exercise that i just explained and then we have at least uh short 01:39:28

listening over here six minutes which is you when you open the file you will find the link over 01:39:33

there there's like six or seven questions you will see the questions are split in two sets 01:39:38

the first set has to do with content but then these listening in particular has a number of 01:39:44

very interesting expressions okay so you will find there is a second section which is about 01:39:48

language awareness and it's it's going to be asking you precisely about the language in the 01:39:54

listening okay i'm sorry it's two things connected with the corona but uh it's so it's all around us 01:39:58

so if you listen to the radio you listen to anything it's is the time to learn the vocabulary 01:40:05

connected to this just as well okay also yes blast go ahead oh no sorry with me yeah i would say i'm 01:40:10

i'm sorry for the for the coronavirus um virus there's an overlapping of uh the topics over here 01:40:19

but it's it's only natural okay and again it's not too long so you should it should not be too 01:40:26

much of a problem now um so it's these two exercises um guys i'm asking you to go over and 01:40:30

read read the text okay learn for all okay because we don't need to be reading this in class so just 01:40:37

read the text writing and that way we'll have some of the work advanced and also work on exercises 01:40:45

four which is about the content and then exercise six which is about the vocabulary okay 01:40:54

on the same page okay this is page well it's actually the text is on the separate page but 01:41:00

this is page 58 okay and this is page 59 oops okay and uh there is one more thing that i want 01:41:07

to send but i i didn't have it ready so i didn't put it here it has to do with number 11 with all 01:41:17

the whole thing we we read the last uh let part c you know the wind show case and so on but this 01:41:23

was like two or three weeks ago all this thing happened we didn't have time to comment so what 01:41:30

i'm going to do is i'm going to send you a worksheet basically this worksheet has a number 01:41:36

of gaps that will help you to recreate the story from as much as you can remember so i'm going to 01:41:40

send that out and you try to fill it out the best way we can next day i'll put it up on the shared 01:41:47

blackboard and helen and all of us can go ahead and try to fill in the gaps with uh you know 01:41:52

share working on the on the blackboard okay and um i think that's it okay questions comments 01:41:58

anything else no well good thing is that now we saved on top of 30 minutes to get home because 01:42:07

we are already there and we can have dinner already so everything has a there's a silver 01:42:14

lining to every cloud as they would say in english right we could keep doing these 01:42:19

we could keep going on like this afterwards so who knows maybe we as i said before maybe we are 01:42:23

forced to uh to do it from now on okay it's not it's not immediate the whether the course will 01:42:31

continue will resume after uh spring break or or not anyways we'll see time will tell 01:42:39

okay guys stay stay uh stay safe okay and the exam paloma is asking what do we know about the exam 01:42:48

okay no paloma we don't know yet okay but what i'm thinking is that uh i will try to um 01:42:54

i mean these are uh yeah paloma is giving the answer already before 01:43:02

I would try to make everything possible to be rid of the rigor of having to take an exam after this situation. 01:43:08

We don't know what the official ruling will be for this. 01:43:24

They will probably come up with something. 01:43:27

But, guys, we are working. 01:43:29

You keep doing the assignments and you keep working like this. 01:43:33

It's an exceptional year. 01:43:35

I don't think we should be too focused on the exam paloma what I mean is that we should not 01:43:36

worry okay if you keep working and so on there shouldn't be too much of a problem maybe you have 01:43:41

to take a specific part or not but uh it shouldn't be too much and I yeah sorry with with the TOEFL 01:43:47

exam you can do it at home um like some you can't but they have like a video system in which they 01:43:54

are like recording you while you are taking your exam right and you cannot and you cannot do it if 01:44:01

have a mac um you can only do it yeah i couldn't do it because of that so it's quite tricky but 01:44:06

like maybe their software is very specific and they are like recording you all the time trying 01:44:12

to make sure that it is you who's taking the exam even if you could have like something plugged to 01:44:17

your ear or something but yeah and like a camera yeah that camera at the background and recording 01:44:21

everything other than well like an ipad um like an ipad on the side or something yeah yeah we are 01:44:27

not that technological okay and i don't think we'll get that technological under these circumstances 01:44:32

either okay so all right guys well then see you next week and i'll email before with the 01:44:36

oh i'm stuttering uh with the upgraded uh homework all right have a good one stay safe 01:44:44

thank you 01:44:54

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