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WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION IN 3 MINUTES - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 16 de febrero de 2024 por Alicia M.

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In the late 17th century, the Habsburg King of Spain, Charles II, was both mentally and 00:00:00
physically disabled after centuries of inbreeding, and he was without an heir. 00:00:08
Although Spain wasn't necessarily the superpower it once was, it did control a large amount 00:00:12
of land. 00:00:17
So two claimants emerged for the throne, the Bourbon King of France and the Austrian Habsburg 00:00:18
Emperor, both of whom were the sons of, and husbands too, Spanish Habsburg princesses, 00:00:22
and they claimed the throne for their descendants. 00:00:27
There was another claimant that entered into the mix, Joseph Ferdinand of Fittelsbach in 00:00:29
Bavaria, however he died just before the death of the King of Spain. 00:00:33
The King of Spain died in 1700, and in his will he left everything to Philip, the grandson 00:00:37
of King Louis of France. 00:00:42
So the Austrians, seeing that their claimant, Charles, the second son of the Emperor, would 00:00:44
get nothing prepared for war. 00:00:49
The English and the Dutch too felt that the French were taking too much, so joined in 00:00:51
the fight alongside the Austrians. 00:00:55
Savoy and Portugal joined France, however they quickly switched sides once the war broke 00:00:57
out. 00:01:01
Within Germany, the Bavarians sided with the French while the rest of the Holy Roman Empire, 00:01:02
notably Prussia, joined the Austrians. 00:01:07
However, to get Prussian help, they needed to give their prince the title of King, making 00:01:09
it the only other kingdom in the Holy Roman Empire. 00:01:14
War broke out in 1701 and Prince Eugene of Savoy seized Spanish possessions in Italy 00:01:17
and England's Duke of Marlborough moved into Spanish Netherlands. 00:01:23
The French and Bavarians then launched a bold counterattack in 1704 and started moving in 00:01:26
on Vienna, hoping to knock the Austrians out of the war. 00:01:31
However, the Duke of Marlborough noticed their movements and moved troops south to link up 00:01:34
with Prince Eugene and meet them in battle. 00:01:38
In August 1704, the two sides met at Blenheim and the French and Bavarian forces were crushed 00:01:41
and the Bavarians were knocked out of the war shortly afterwards. 00:01:47
August also saw French and Spanish fleets defeated off the coast of Spain and the English 00:01:50
seized Gibraltar. 00:01:54
Then, King Philip of Spain saw the support for his rule diminish. 00:01:55
People loyal to the Habsburgs rose up across the country, primarily in Catalonia and the 00:02:00
old lands of Aragon. 00:02:04
They were joined shortly afterwards by an allied army. 00:02:05
They took Barcelona and marched west, and took Madrid. 00:02:08
However, because most of Spain was still loyal to Philip, they could not maintain their position 00:02:11
in the capital, and King Philip was able to take the city back. 00:02:16
Meanwhile, in 1706, the French had withdrawn from Italy and the Spanish Netherlands completely. 00:02:19
Louis then tried to make peace. Numerous offers and counter-offers were made, but the Allies 00:02:25
were unwilling to see the Bourbons gain anything, so the fighting continued. 00:02:29
In the Americas, the English and their native allies had been fighting the Spanish and French 00:02:33
colonists and their native allies in the Queen Anne's War. This theatre of war saw some 00:02:37
brutality. For instance, in 1704, the Appalachian tribe was massacred by English colonists, 00:02:42
but it saw very little territorial gains. Finally, in 1710, Acadia did change hands, 00:02:48
but overall it was a bit of a stalemate. 00:02:53
In the following years, a series of events upset the balance of war. In the newly formed 00:02:56
nation of Britain, the Tory party, who wanted to make peace, defeated the Whigs in the election 00:03:00
of 1710. Then, a series of royal deaths dramatically undermined the Allies' cause for war. Philip 00:03:05
of Spain was initially fifth in line to the throne to France, but between 1710 and 1712, 00:03:11
Louis XIV's son, elder grandson and great grandson all died. This put Philip second 00:03:16
in line to the French throne behind his two-year-old nephew. But more importantly, in the same 00:03:22
period, the new Emperor of Austria, Joseph I, Charles' older brother, died childless. 00:03:27
This made Charles Emperor of Austria and nobody wanted to see the Emperor of Austria inherit 00:03:34
the vast Spanish Empire, so the warring parties made two separate peace treaties that were 00:03:38
signed between 1713 and 1714. Philip, who was still holding Spain, would agree to renounce 00:03:43
his claims on the French throne and he would be allowed to keep Spain and its colonies. 00:03:49
However Britain took Gibraltar and Menorca from Spain and they gained a monopoly over 00:03:54
the slave trade in the Spanish Americas. In the Americas Britain also secured a little 00:03:58
territory from the French. Austria was able to secure the rest of the Spanish Empire in 00:04:02
the Low Countries and in Italy and Savoy took Sicily although a few years later Austria 00:04:06
traded Sicily for Sardinia. But most importantly the war introduced Europe to the balance of 00:04:12
power. Austria, Britain, France, the new kingdom of Prussia and even Russia would fight numerous 00:04:17
wars over the next centuries including the war of the Austrian succession which was fought 00:04:22
to try and keep the enlarged Austrian empire together. 00:04:27
Subido por:
Alicia M.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
67
Fecha:
16 de febrero de 2024 - 13:34
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES LA SENDA
Duración:
04′ 35″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1920x1080 píxeles
Tamaño:
76.40 MBytes

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