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2.2. Trade in the 18th Century - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 13 de septiembre de 2020 por Ruben P.

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So continue with the economy, we are going to talk about trade. Remember it is the second most important economic activity in the 18th century and it is related with colonial trade. 00:00:01
So let's begin with this. As you see, as you can read, trade suffered an important development in the international and national level. 00:00:13
What does it mean international and national level? It means that trade is 00:00:21
going to be developed not only due to the colonial trade, it means in an 00:00:26
international level between countries, but also in the national level, it means 00:00:32
inside the country. So we are going to talk first about the domestic trade, 00:00:37
that means the trade in the national level. So let's talk about this 00:00:43
domestic trade in the national level. It is going to be characterized by two 00:00:48
main characteristics. The first one is what we call domestic system. We saw this 00:00:53
domestic system during the Middle Ages and we saw this 00:00:59
during the modern age. It means in the 15th, 16th and 17th 00:01:04
century and also this domestic system is going to survive during the 18th century. 00:01:10
What is the domestic system? 00:01:16
Okay, the domestic system is basically to produce manufactured products at home. 00:01:18
Imagine this. 00:01:27
Okay, let's understand this. 00:01:28
Imagine you are a part of the bourgeoisie, you are a merchant, you have the raw material, 00:01:29
you have the wool or the cotton in order to produce a t-shirt. 00:01:35
But the problem is you have no time, okay, to produce the t-shirt. 00:01:39
and what you want to sell, of course, is the t-shirt. 00:01:43
Okay, so what you are going to do is, 00:01:47
okay, I'm going to go to a village 00:01:49
or a small town in the countryside 00:01:51
and I'm going to give the instrument, 00:01:54
it means the tools, the weapons, 00:01:57
to the peasants 00:01:59
and also I'm going to give them the wool or the cotton 00:02:01
in order to produce the t-shirt. 00:02:06
These peasants, what they are going to do 00:02:08
is to produce the t-shirts. 00:02:10
after a while a month two months etc whatever okay it doesn't matter the 00:02:13
time the bourgeois or the merchant is going to come back to the village and 00:02:20
it's going to ask for the t-shirts of course the peasants during their free 00:02:26
time they have produced I don't know a certain amount of t-shirts so what they 00:02:32
are going to do is they are going to give the t-shirts to the merchant 00:02:38
and the merchant is going to pay to these people in exchange. So the idea 00:02:44
of the merchant is okay I have the raw materials and I have the tools in 00:02:52
order to produce the products I want to sell but what I need is people to 00:02:57
produce these products. Who is going to be willing to produce these t-shirts? 00:03:02
of course the peasants that they are poor and they are going to have free time and in this 00:03:07
in this free time they can produce the t-shirts in order to gain obtain earn more money okay in 00:03:13
order to survive remember they are poor so this is a great chance for these peasants in order to 00:03:20
obtain some money so you can see this process in this picture okay so that's the idea they are 00:03:27
these are the peasants they are producing the t-shirts for example in the house and this is 00:03:34
the idea the merchant with the cotton arrives to a village gives the cotton and the and the tools 00:03:39
to the peasants and after a while they he come back to the village and go to the city in order 00:03:47
to sell these finished clothes it means the t-shirts or whatever they have produced so this 00:03:57
is one of the characteristics of the trading in the 16th 17th and 18th century 00:04:03
okay so this is one of the ways in order to produce a manufactured product and to 00:04:10
sell it okay the other development in trading is that they are going to 00:04:17
improve their roads and they are going to create channels okay so remember this 00:04:25
if you want to sell you need wood roads if the roads are dirt roads it means 00:04:31
roads made of dirt, made of dirt, that if it rains it forms mud and there is no god that moves a car 00:04:38
what you need is to improve these roads to make better roads 00:04:47
in order to trade faster and also safer because you can move faster you can 00:04:52
connect different places inside for example spain and of course if you can trade faster you can sell 00:04:59
more and if you can sell more you get more money you earn more money right the other part is that 00:05:07
they are going to create channels and where what we when we talk about channels means to connect 00:05:13
okay two different rivers for example or to connect two different areas through a 00:05:20
river okay for example the Panama Channel is connecting the Atlantic Ocean 00:05:27
with the Pacific Ocean so it means you don't have to surround South America in 00:05:33
order to go to the Pacific you can cross through this Panama Channel so that's 00:05:40
the idea they are going to develop this fluvial trade it means straight through 00:05:45
the rivers or through channels okay so the idea is to make trade faster inside 00:05:51
the country okay so imagine we have two rivers we connect the two rivers with a 00:06:00
channel so it means we can go from one place to the other faster using the 00:06:06
water rather than using the roads because not all the roads are good roads 00:06:11
in order to move fast. So these are two important developments related with 00:06:17
trade inside the different countries. First the development or continuing 00:06:23
using the domestic system and the second is the improvement in roads and also to 00:06:29
build channels okay the other part is the international trade but the 00:06:37
international trade is going to be based on this the colonial empires let's check 00:06:45
let's see this map okay what you see is that Spain is controlling most part of 00:06:48
America France is controlling part of North America also Great Britain and 00:06:54
Portugal is controlling part of what is controlling Brazil is part of South 00:06:59
America okay also Portugal is going to have different colonies in Africa Great 00:07:04
Britain and France are going are going to control part of India the Netherlands 00:07:10
are going to control part of Indonesia and also Cape Town or South Africa okay 00:07:17
so what we are going to see is that international trade is going to be based 00:07:24
on these colonies okay why these countries are going to create these 00:07:28
colonies in order to obtain cheap raw materials that that's the basic idea 00:07:34
okay so the idea is these countries that they have the industries they know how 00:07:42
to produce manufactured products but they are going to use these colonies in 00:07:49
order to obtain raw materials that they cannot find in Europe or that to produce 00:07:54
them in Europe is really expensive so what they are going to create is what we 00:08:01
call triangular system the triangular system is the relation between Europe 00:08:06
Africa and America okay there is going to be a economic triangle created here 00:08:12
the idea is the Europeans are going to go to Africa to the coastal areas of 00:08:17
Africa they are going to obtain slaves here they are going to take the slaves 00:08:23
to America in order to work in the different sorry in the different 00:08:31
plantations that they are cultivation areas in order to produce raw materials 00:08:38
also the Europeans are going to are going to sell manufactured products here 00:08:43
in America because they need these manufactured products as they need in 00:08:48
Europe but they do not have the instruments in order to produce these 00:08:52
manufactured products. After that what they are going to do the Europeans is to 00:08:58
get their raw materials from America to Europe in order to keep producing these 00:09:04
manufactured products. So it means Europeans go to Africa of them slaves it 00:09:12
means labor force they are going to take these slaves along with the European 00:09:17
manufacturers to America so they sell the slaves and the manufactured products 00:09:24
in the colonies in the colonies they they are going to obtain the raw 00:09:30
materials that they are going to use them in Europe in order to produce more 00:09:35
manufactured products okay so this is called triangular system okay is the 00:09:40
relation between Europe Africa and America okay and also they are going to 00:09:47
trade with Asia so which are going to be the colonial empires in Africa America 00:09:54
and Asia as we have seen and this is the the commercial transactions is the 00:10:02
triangular system based on that okay slaves are manufactured products to 00:10:07
America and from America the raw materials to Europe in order to produce 00:10:11
more manufactured products. So as you can see here better this is the triangle 00:10:15
created by these commercial transactions okay the slaves slaves to America the 00:10:24
manufactured products to America and then the raw materials to Europe gold 00:10:32
silver, cotton, sugar, coffee, sorry, wool, cotton, tobacco, etc, leather, etc, okay? 00:10:36
So these products that they are going to be cheaper here, they are going to be 00:10:47
sent to Europe in order to produce the manufactured products to sell them again 00:10:51
in these places. Why they are going to sell all these manufactured products in 00:10:57
America? Because in America they, as they are colonies controlled by these 00:11:01
countries there is no industrial production they do not produce the 00:11:05
manufactured products okay also in India or Indonesia etc okay so when we talk 00:11:11
about this slavery or this trade related with or to obtain slaves and this is 00:11:22
going to be a really profitable trade or business okay these Europeans go to 00:11:29
Africa they obtain these slaves as you can see they try to get as much slaves 00:11:34
as they can in order to in order to transport them in one ship to America 00:11:40
okay these are real pictures of how they set they place the different people the 00:11:48
inside the boats of course these people have no fresh air they are going to well they they have 00:11:55
no toilets so imagine where they are going to poop or pee they are going to poop or pee there 00:12:09
so they are going to get dirt etc so you can imagine the smell inside these boats boats that 00:12:14
take more than one two or even three months to reach America so imagine the 00:12:22
living conditions of these people inside the boats okay so what they are going to 00:12:29
do is to go to Africa they are going to pay some tribes in the coastal areas of 00:12:38
Africa to obtain these slaves so the idea is we have different tribes in the 00:12:46
coastal areas of Africa that they are going to capture African people from 00:12:53
different tribes in order to sell them to the Europeans. What they are going to 00:12:59
obtain in exchange of these slaves? Basically alcohol, guns and powder in 00:13:05
order to fire the guns. So imagine these tribes that they are making business 00:13:14
with the other African tribes obtaining these slaves they are going to be really 00:13:20
powerful and wealthy due to this business because they are going to 00:13:25
obtain the new technologies from Europe okay that the day and that's the reason 00:13:30
why they can control and obtain these slaves okay so Africans are going to 00:13:38
capture other Africans to sell those Africans to the Europeans in order to 00:13:47
send these people to America. Of course, well this is an image, this is 00:13:52
idealized, this is not real, okay, because they have not that much space in a 00:13:59
boat, okay, but this is an image in order to see how the situation could be in an 00:14:05
African boat the average is that the 30% of the slaves are going to die during 00:14:12
the trip okay 30% of them they are going to die here remember the conditions 00:14:21
remember no toilet no fresher barely food and of course they are going to 00:14:28
have these chains these handcuffs in order not to move okay they are going to 00:14:38
be placing in these positions in order to try to use the space efficiently 00:14:43
apart from this they are going to use these slaves in the plantations okay it 00:14:51
means areas big areas where they are going to plant the cotton the wood the 00:14:58
species the tea that they is going to be sent to Europe okay so these are the 00:15:04
areas where the slaves are going to work okay and they are working for the 00:15:10
European people that they are obtaining money from this from these crops from 00:15:16
these agricultural products finally who is going to carry out this economic 00:15:22
activity of course commercial companies European commercial companies okay that 00:15:29
they are going to take the manufacturers from Europe to America they are going to 00:15:35
export the manufacturer products they are going to sell these products in in 00:15:41
America and they are going to import these raw materials from America it 00:15:46
means they are going to obtain these raw materials from America and they are 00:15:51
going to use this they are going to trade with it with different materials 00:15:56
in Europe okay so the idea is to export the manufactured products to America and 00:16:01
to import the raw materials from America to Europe okay so trade is going to be 00:16:05
the second most important economic activity as you can see they they are 00:16:13
going to develop the domestic or national trade and they are going to 00:16:18
develop this important international trade or foreign trade based on these 00:16:22
colonial empires and one of the most important pieces of these colonial 00:16:27
empires are going to be the slaves that they are one of the products in this 00:16:33
triangular system and they are going to be the labor force in this plantation 00:16:38
economy 00:16:43
Autor/es:
RUBÉN PEINADO GONZÁLEZ
Subido por:
Ruben P.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
103
Fecha:
13 de septiembre de 2020 - 23:03
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES ANTARES
Duración:
16′ 48″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1280x720 píxeles
Tamaño:
186.13 MBytes

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