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2º ESO/HISTORY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION - Contenido educativo
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The history of the European Union in three minutes.
00:00:03
The first thing to unify Europe was tectonic shift.
00:00:07
Then, when humans finally evolved, much of Europe was unified by
00:00:10
the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Frankish Empire, and the Holy Roman Empire,
00:00:14
which was like the Roman Empire, but a bit more pious.
00:00:20
In fact, the patchwork of separate European states we know today is a relatively recent invention.
00:00:23
The United Kingdom only became a United Kingdom in 1707.
00:00:28
Modern Belgium and Italy came along later,
00:00:33
and places like Slovakia and Croatia only popped up again in the 1990s,
00:00:35
along with Latvia, Estonia and the Spice Girls.
00:00:39
But the main step towards reunifying Europe
00:00:43
came after the devastating impact of the two world wars,
00:00:45
which led to all sorts of new international agreements, borders and structures.
00:00:49
After World War II, Winston Churchill called for the creation of a United States of Europe
00:00:53
to save it from infinite misery and final doom.
00:00:59
The first big step towards this was the Schuman Declaration,
00:01:03
a declaration declared by French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman.
00:01:06
And what he declared was that because coal and steel were so vital for war,
00:01:10
those industries in France and Germany should be linked together
00:01:14
to make war not only unthinkable but materially impossible.
00:01:17
But he said it in French.
00:01:22
This led to the European coal and steel community,
00:01:23
also joined by Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg.
00:01:27
And then the same six countries signed the Treaty of Rome,
00:01:30
establishing the European Economic Community, or EEC,
00:01:33
though later it dropped an E and became the EC.
00:01:37
The community established a common market
00:01:41
for the free movement of goods, capital, services and people
00:01:43
and was so successful that others wanted in.
00:01:46
The UK tried to join in 1963 and in 1967,
00:01:49
but both times were blocked by France and General de Gaulle,
00:01:53
who just said non.
00:01:56
The UK were finally allowed to join in 1973,
00:01:58
along with Denmark and Ireland.
00:02:01
And in 1981, Greece was the word.
00:02:03
As the community grew, it evolved.
00:02:07
Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany
00:02:10
signed the Schengen Agreement in 1985,
00:02:13
which began the process of removing border controls
00:02:15
and making the free movement of people that bit freer.
00:02:18
They also got branding, picking a flag, a motto and an anthem.
00:02:21
And in 1986, Spain and Portugal joined,
00:02:25
followed by the freshly reunified Germany in 1990,
00:02:28
once the wall had come down and David Hasselhoff had left.
00:02:31
Then, in 1992, the big one, the Maastricht Treaty,
00:02:34
creating the European Union and also the Euro,
00:02:39
even if choosing a name took a bit longer,
00:02:42
and despite the UK and Denmark holding tight to their own currencies.
00:02:44
In the meantime, countries were joining faster than you can say
00:02:48
fall of the Soviet bloc.
00:02:51
The EU itself even won the Nobel Peace Prize, though probably fought over who got to keep it.
00:02:53
So, by the time the financial crisis arrived in 2008, the EU was locked together in a single currency with a massively increased membership.
00:02:58
The start of the toughest years yet for the EU, with calls for even more reform.
00:03:06
But thanks to EU rules on mobile roaming tariffs, at least those calls are cheaper to make.
00:03:10
And there's certainly not a shortage of countries wanting to join, even while others may be looking for the exit.
00:03:15
If you enjoyed this clip, feel free to follow the links on screen
00:03:20
for more interesting articles and free courses from The Open University.
00:03:25
- Subido por:
- Alicia M.
- Licencia:
- Dominio público
- Visualizaciones:
- 179
- Fecha:
- 16 de mayo de 2021 - 11:31
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Centro:
- IES LA SENDA
- Duración:
- 03′ 31″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.78:1
- Resolución:
- 1920x1080 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 94.38 MBytes
