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Transporte electrones mitocondria
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Generación de ATP
The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes embedded in the mitochondrial
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membrane. Electrons captured from donor molecules are transferred through these complexes.
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Coupled with this transfer is the pumping of hydrogen ions. This pumping generates the
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gradient used by the ATP synthase complex to synthesize ATP. The following complexes are
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found in the electron transport chain, NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome BC1, cytochrome oxidase,
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and the complex that makes ATP, ATP synthase. In addition to these complexes, two mobile carriers
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are also involved, ubiquinone and cytochrome C. Other key components in this process are
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NADH and the electrons from it, hydrogen ions, molecular oxygen, water, and ADP and PI, which
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combine to form ATP. At the start of the electron transport chain,
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Two electrons are passed from NADH into the NADH dehydrogenase complex.
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Coupled with this transfer is the pumping of one hydrogen ion for each electron.
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Next, the two electrons are transferred to ubiquinone.
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Ubiquinone is called a mobile transfer molecule because it moves the electrons to the cytochrome
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BC1 complex.
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Each electron is then passed from the cytochrome BC1 complex to cytochrome C.
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Cytochrome C accepts each electron one at a time.
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One hydrogen ion is pumped through the complex as each electron is transferred.
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The next major step occurs in the cytochrome oxidase complex.
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This step requires four electrons.
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These four electrons interact with a molecular oxygen molecule and eight hydrogen ions.
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The four electrons, four of the hydrogen ions, and the molecular oxygen
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are used to form two water molecules.
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The other four hydrogen ions are pumped across the membrane.
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This series of hydrogen pumping steps creates a gradient.
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The potential energy in this gradient is used by ATP synthase
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to make ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
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The ATP synthesis steps you see here are discussed in greater detail
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in the ATP synthase gradients animation.
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This animation illustrates two full cycles of electron donation.
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In biological systems, however, many electron transport cycles occur simultaneously,
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helping to ensure that the proton gradient is always maintained.
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- Idioma/s:
- Autor/es:
- Virtual Cell
- Subido por:
- Benito H.
- Licencia:
- Reconocimiento - No comercial - Compartir igual
- Visualizaciones:
- 1606
- Fecha:
- 9 de septiembre de 2010 - 10:48
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Enlace Relacionado:
- Benito Hernández Giménez
- Centro:
- IES MORATALAZ
- Descripción ampliada:
- La cadena de transporte de electrones es una serie de transportadores de electrones que se encuentran en la membrana plasmática de bacterias, en la membrana interna mitocondrial o en las membranas tilacoidales, que median reacciones bioquímicas que producen adenosin trifosfato (ATP), que es el compuesto energético que utilizan los seres vivos
- Duración:
- 03′ 49″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.31:1
- Resolución:
- 1024x780 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 18.42 MBytes
