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Middle Ages in Spain by Aroa González Calviño
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The Middle Ages start in 476 with the fall of the Roman Empire and then in 1492 with the discovery of America.
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In the 3rd century AD, the Roman Empire was vast, but too difficult for emperors to govern,
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and warlords were difficult to defend, and Germanic tribes started to get into their
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Roman territory.
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To defend the Empire, Emperor Theodosius at the end of the 4th century divided it in two.
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Western with thought Rome as the capital and Eastern with Constantinople as the capital.
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But a century after, in 476 AD, the Ostrogoths took Rome and Western Empire fall down.
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In 415 AD, Roman Empire had an agreement with Visigoths that were in Gaul to protect this
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area in exchange of land.
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When Western Roman Empire fall, Visigoths establish their own kingdom covering last
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large part of actual France and North Spain with Toulouse as the capital.
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But when they lost Gaul lands to the Franks, they started expanding south until they controlled
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almost all the Iberian peninsula with the king, Lirichild, establishing Codoledo as
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its capital.
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Visigoths founded problems to govern what was Roman territory with Hispanic Roman people,
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they started using Roman laws and Latin as the language. Furthermore, people were Catholic
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Christians, what made it harder for Visigoths to be accepted.
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But in 589, King Recarat converted to Catholicism, and many other Visigoths converted too. An
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The Nilo Code was written integrating Roman and Visigoth's laws.
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At the beginning of the 8th century AD, the Visigothic Kingdom was in a chaos with disputes for the throne between different families
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and this was taken advantage by another empire was in the North Africa, the Islam Empire.
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Islam was founded in 7th century by Prophet Muhammad born in Arabian Peninsula in 470.
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He started preaching the relevations of his god Allah in 610 and when he died Islam was
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expanded into Asia and North Africa.
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Muhammad's followers wrote the holy book for Islam called Qur'an, with the obligations
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of Muslims called the five pillars of Islam.
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They are, there is not God but God, ritual prayer five times a day, fasting during the
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month of Ramadan, helping the poor, pilgrimage to Mecca.
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The Greeks entered in the Iberian Peninsula crossing the straits, and after winning the
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Battle of Guadalete in 711, two vicigoths de-expanded quickly through most of the territory, calling
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it Al-Andalus.
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First fifty years, Al-Andalus was a province of Islamic Empire or Caliphate, but in 756
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Abd al-Rahman I proclaimed the territory as an independent emirate, with political independence,
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but continued the religious one.
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In 929, Abd al-Rahman III declares the Caliphate of Córdoba, making it independent from religious
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authority too, and converting Córdoba as a center of learning like maths, agriculture
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and industry, and arts.
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Islamic life was centered around cities.
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Mill buildings were inside the city walls,
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like Citadel or Al-Ghazaba, that was situated in hills.
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Warehouse or al-Andagas and mosques.
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Poor people lived outside the walls in Arab valleys.
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At the beginning of 11th century, Caliphate of Córdoba began to decline, when it was broken into 28 different kingdoms, or taifas.
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The only region that was not conquered by the Islam was northern Spain, where an Abyssinian noble called Pelayo founded the kingdom of Asturias in 722 after the Battle of Covadonga.
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After some centuries, when typos appeared, Christians started to conquer Iberian territories, in the age called Reconquista, and in 914, Kingdom of León was founded, conquering the Rerro River in the 10th century.
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In the 11th century were founded Kingdom of Castilla and won Battle of Navas de Tolosa which led them to control big part of South Iberia, also Kingdom of Navarra, Kingdom of Aragon, conquering most Mediterranean land and Balearic Islands, and Catalan countries were founded.
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In 12th century Aragon joined two Catalan countries to form Crown of Aragon and in 13th
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century Kingdom of Castilla and Crown of Aragon joined to form Crown of Castilla with the
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marriage of Catholic kings Isabel of Castilla and Fernando of Aragon.
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In the 13th century, only the Kingdom of Granada remained in the Iberian Peninsula,
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but in the 1492, Crown of Castilla conquered it.
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Society in the Middle Ages divides people in three groups.
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Nobles as the powerful landowners and armies.
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Clergy with lives dedicated to God and pray for others
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And commoners or peasants as the largest part of people working for nobles
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Many of these commoners were serfs with no land of their own
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Slaves existed in the Middle Ages too
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In the cities appeared the guilds as groups of artisans
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organized by themselves for controlling prices and how products were made,
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but paying taxes for the king for it, so they could be more independent from nobles.
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As Christians expanded through the Iberian Peninsula,
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they started to create buildings to pray God.
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After monks in Compostela claimed they found St. James' tomb,
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Many people from the rest of Europe came, making region grow and sharing culture and art knowledge.
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This made that in 11th and 12th century churches were built in Romanized style, with thick walls, small windows and barrel bouts.
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After that, in late 12th century, a new way to build called Gothic was the main style,
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with thinner walls, big windows, and higher roofs with pointed arcs,
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decorated with paintings and sculptures outside.
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Three religions coexisted during the Middle Age.
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Christians that started in the first century, Jews that came from their country, and Muslims that came with the Islamic Empire.
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When the Islamic Empire was strong, many Christians converted to Islam, called Mullahs, but others not, called Mothrabs.
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When the Reconquista began, Muslims were expelled, but also Jews were persecuted sometimes, so they had to live in different parts of the cities.
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That's why many Muslims converted to Christianity, called Moriscos, as well as some Jews, Mudejers.
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At the end of the 15th century, Catholic monarchs expelled all Jews who were still in the peninsula.
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An inquisition court was created to persecute non-Catholics.
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- Idioma/s:
- Autor/es:
- Aroa González Calviño
- Subido por:
- Cp ciudaddecolumbia trescantos
- Licencia:
- Todos los derechos reservados
- Visualizaciones:
- 213
- Fecha:
- 29 de marzo de 2020 - 22:34
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Centro:
- CEIP Ciudad de Columbia
- Duración:
- 10′ 54″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.78:1
- Resolución:
- 1920x1080 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 393.79 MBytes