Saltar navegación

Activa JavaScript para disfrutar de los vídeos de la Mediateca.

Lutte contre la pauvreté

Ajuste de pantalla

El ajuste de pantalla se aprecia al ver el vídeo en pantalla completa. Elige la presentación que más te guste:

Subido el 29 de junio de 2007 por EducaMadrid

832 visualizaciones

Au niveau mondial, 10% de la population est en-dessous du seuil de pauvreté. Les pays développés, s'ils en ont la volonté, peuvent contribuer à changer la situation de ceux qui vivent avec moins d'un dollar par jour. La mise en place de programmes d'action en faveur de ces pays est primordiale tant au niveau de la sécutrité alimentaire, du développement rural, de l'éducation, de la santé, du commerce, de la paix, de la bonne gouvrenance, de l'environnment et des transports. Un soutien international est en effet vital pour aider les pays les moins avancés dans leurs efforts de lutte contre la pauvreté et dans leur cheminement vers la paix au milieu des conflits.

Más información Transcripción

Descargar la transcripción

In the third millennium, despite the progress made in the fields of medicine, science and technology, 00:00:30
we can see that Abla remains. 00:00:41
One and a half billion people live below the poverty line with less than a dollar a day. 00:00:44
Forty-nine states are now part of what we call the least advanced countries, the poorest of the poor. 00:00:49
These countries make up more than 10% of the world's population, 614 million inhabitants, 00:00:55
who are trying to survive in extreme poverty. 00:01:00
Despite the efforts made, the list of the least advanced countries has been extended. 00:01:03
The United Nations counted 24 in 1971. Today, in 2001, there are 49. 00:01:07
Although the least advanced countries do not represent a homogeneous group, 00:01:14
they share some common characteristics. 00:01:18
They face great difficulties in developing their domestic economy 00:01:21
and ensuring decent living conditions for their population, 00:01:24
as well as an extremely vulnerable economy due to external shocks and natural disasters. 00:01:27
Among the 49 least advanced countries are 40 member states of the ACP, Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific. 00:01:32
35 in Africa, 1 in the Caribbean and 4 in the Pacific. 00:01:39
The ACP states are linked to the European Union by the Cotonou Accords, signed in June 2000. 00:01:43
The ACP is one of the most important players in international cooperation. 00:01:49
It provides 55% of the world's public aid for development. 00:01:52
The FED, the European Development Fund, is the main financial tool for aid to the development of the Union, 00:01:56
intended for the 78 countries of the ACP Group. 00:02:01
For the period 2000-2005, the 9th FED is endowed with an envelope of 13.2 billion euros, 00:02:05
to which it is necessary to add the financial resources still available, 00:02:10
which gives a total of nearly 25 billion euros. 00:02:14
Faced with globalization and the worsening of the situation of the poorest countries, 00:02:18
Europe has revised its development policy to improve the effectiveness of its aid. 00:02:22
With the Cotonou Accords, the reduction of poverty is clearly stated as the first objective of any development aid, 00:02:27
but no donor or international institution is able to act on all fronts at the same time. 00:02:33
This is why the European Union aims to target its aid on specific areas. 00:02:39
In this area, we really have a lot of water problems. 00:02:49
Because even when we dig a well, we have to go up to 80 meters to find water. 00:02:54
And it's difficult to feed a population with 80 meters of water. 00:03:00
70% of the poorest populations live in rural areas, 00:03:05
highly dependent on agriculture and marked by a fragile ecosystem. 00:03:08
Access to basic needs, such as drinking water, health and education, is very low. 00:03:12
The rates of infant mortality and malnutrition are also very high. 00:03:17
In this area, we have a lot of water problems. 00:03:21
Because even when we dig a well, we have to go up to 80 meters to find water. 00:03:24
And it's difficult to feed a population with 80 meters of water. 00:03:29
In this area, we have a lot of water problems. 00:03:35
In this area, we have a lot of water problems. 00:03:38
In this area, we have a lot of water problems. 00:03:41
First, there are fundamental needs, mainly in terms of hydraulics, 00:03:47
that is, the creation of water points, be they deep wells or boreholes. 00:03:52
Then, there are needs in relation to animal health, 00:03:57
since the main objective of the project is to increase animal production. 00:04:02
And now, there are needs, mainly in CEREAR, 00:04:07
because these are often areas that are far from the CEREAR market. 00:04:09
So, for all these activities, there have been interventions in the project, 00:04:14
and there is support in relation to basic education, 00:04:18
such as schools, class construction, support for schools, 00:04:21
so everything related to feeding the students. 00:04:25
Rural development is a whole. 00:04:29
If agriculture is essential, it is also necessary to ensure 00:04:31
that rural areas benefit from other sectoral programs 00:04:34
such as health, education, trade or transport. 00:04:37
Food security constantly threatens some states. 00:04:42
11 of the 49 poorest countries are supported by the European Food Security Programme. 00:04:46
This aim is long-term and encourages profound changes in the rural economy. 00:04:51
In fact, there is a lot of production in irrigated crops 00:04:58
that can constitute important food supplements. 00:05:03
It is important for us to raise awareness among the population 00:05:07
so that they do not think that only the winter crop can suffer and kill the population. 00:05:12
Here, we have malaria cases, 00:05:20
and especially sexually transmitted infections in general, 00:05:23
and unfortunately, AIDS cases. 00:05:27
We also encounter malnutrition cases, 00:05:30
and also quite high cases of pulmonary infections 00:05:33
that can be found in children. 00:05:36
Parasitosis. 00:05:38
In fact, it is a disease that we encounter in most developed countries. 00:05:40
Parasitosis is a sign that is most often caused by bad drinking water, 00:05:44
which is not so correct, hygiene, flies, etc. 00:05:48
Despite the immense progress made by medicine, 00:05:56
the vast majority of the population in the least developed countries 00:05:59
does not have access to health care at affordable costs. 00:06:02
Some of these countries are facing a real HIV epidemic 00:06:05
that affects nearly 30% of the population in the developing countries. 00:06:08
Moreover, if the rate of schooling increases progressively, 00:06:12
illiteracy remains one of the main barriers to social development. 00:06:15
So when the idea was brought up of establishing a community school, 00:06:22
we actually got very excited because we knew that 00:06:26
now our young brothers and sisters are going to have access to education. 00:06:30
What we have done is that we have identified the problems 00:06:35
that the schools have been facing. 00:06:39
For instance, the distance between the villages, 00:06:42
the settlements and the school. 00:06:45
That is one of the problems. 00:06:47
In actual fact, that is the one we are addressing currently. 00:06:49
Apart from the fact that we are improving infrastructure 00:06:52
because many schools were made out of poo and mud. 00:06:55
The 2020 initiative, taken by the Community School, 00:07:03
tries to encourage developing countries 00:07:06
to invest in the social and human sectors. 00:07:09
20% of the European aid allocated to basic social services 00:07:12
against 20% of the national budget of the beneficiary country 00:07:15
devoted to the same sector. 00:07:18
The priorities are access to basic education, 00:07:24
professional training and high-level qualifications, 00:07:27
health care for all, 00:07:30
the fight against AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis 00:07:32
and, above all, special care for the most vulnerable, 00:07:34
women, who play an essential role in society 00:07:38
and who are too often the subject of discrimination. 00:07:41
The vicious circle of poverty cannot be broken 00:07:44
without the promotion of equality of opportunities. 00:07:47
What we have done is that we have identified the problems 00:07:54
that the schools have been facing. 00:07:57
That is one of the problems. 00:07:59
I don't know what to say. 00:08:01
I don't know what to say. 00:08:03
I don't know what to say. 00:08:05
I don't know what to say. 00:08:07
I don't know what to say. 00:08:09
I don't know what to say. 00:08:11
Women have been marginalized a lot up to now. 00:08:14
In addition, they have little financial resources. 00:08:20
They have a lot of domestic work 00:08:24
that does not give them enough time 00:08:27
to do income-generating activities. 00:08:30
Although 10% of the world's population lives in the least developed countries, 00:08:54
they make up only 0.5% of the world's trade. 00:08:58
However, trade is a resource generator 00:09:01
and one of the ways to achieve sustainable development. 00:09:04
The European Union is a considerable potential market 00:09:07
for the least developed countries, 00:09:10
yet they still have a trade deficit vis-à-vis Europe. 00:09:12
As part of the Cotonou Agreement, 00:09:15
major reforms of the trade regime have been undertaken 00:09:17
in order to help developing countries 00:09:20
integrate into the global economy. 00:09:23
These reforms are accompanied by measures 00:09:25
aimed at helping states to define policies 00:09:27
that are favorable to trade, investment 00:09:29
and the development of the private sector, 00:09:31
but also to improve human resources 00:09:33
and access to new technologies. 00:09:35
We currently have five flights a week 00:09:41
of 40 tons each 00:09:44
That roughly gives something like 00:09:46
just slightly over 200 tons of exports 00:09:48
for fresh produce to Europe every week. 00:09:51
On an annual basis, 00:09:56
the industry exports 00:09:58
around 8,500 tons 00:10:00
of fresh flowers and vegetables. 00:10:03
That figure can be divided into 50-50 00:10:06
between flowers and fresh vegetables. 00:10:11
Given the level of productivity in this country, 00:10:15
we still have room to think that 00:10:18
with quality improvement, 00:10:20
there are opportunities to advance 00:10:22
even on the international market, 00:10:24
where more and more risks are developing. 00:10:26
This regulation is called TSA, 00:10:29
All Except Weapons. 00:10:31
This year, the All Except Weapons initiative 00:10:33
was born under the impulse of the European Commission. 00:10:36
It grants the exports of the least developed countries 00:10:39
a totally free access to the European market, 00:10:42
except of course for weapons and ammunition. 00:10:45
The European Union is also actively 00:10:50
participating in the relaunch of negotiations 00:10:52
of the World Trade Organization, the WTO, 00:10:54
and ensures that the interests of developing countries 00:10:56
are taken into account. 00:10:59
It also supports regional trade partnerships 00:11:01
to encourage multilateral trade 00:11:03
and to establish the position of the poorest countries 00:11:05
within the WTO. 00:11:07
Transparency and Poverty 00:11:13
Lack of transparency and poverty 00:11:21
are an explosive cocktail 00:11:23
and can be the cause of conflict 00:11:25
in the least developed countries. 00:11:27
Peace, stability and good governance 00:11:29
are therefore an essential condition 00:11:31
to eradicate poverty. 00:11:33
The European development policy supports transparency 00:11:35
and the strengthening of the state's ability 00:11:37
to manage public affairs. 00:11:39
The participation of the private sector 00:11:41
can be an asset. 00:11:43
Organized and structured, 00:11:45
it is called upon to play a decisive role 00:11:47
in development. 00:11:49
Whether it is agriculture or health, 00:11:53
it is necessary that people are involved, 00:11:55
that people take charge of management, 00:11:57
that people ask fundamental questions, 00:11:59
even if at the technical level 00:12:01
we can always rely 00:12:03
on qualified personnel. 00:12:05
We think now that we have engaged 00:12:07
and disengaged from all execution 00:12:09
and to do only the accompaniment. 00:12:11
This means that we arrive today 00:12:13
with the support of a line 00:12:15
of the European Union, 00:12:17
the Decentralized Cooperation, 00:12:19
to concentrate mainly 00:12:21
on those who could support 00:12:23
accompaniment and training 00:12:25
in the communities. 00:12:27
I am an agriculturalist, 00:12:29
a member of the cooperative 00:12:31
Saint-Hélène-de-Calice, COSAEC, 00:12:33
and I am a community development 00:12:35
coordinator. 00:12:37
This means that we work 00:12:39
in the community 00:12:41
with all the groups of peasants, 00:12:43
the basic organizations, 00:12:45
the institutions. 00:12:47
We work in the training, 00:12:49
to help them understand 00:12:51
their projects, to train them. 00:12:53
The prevention of conflicts 00:12:57
and the strengthening of peace 00:12:59
are now an integral part 00:13:01
of development strategies. 00:13:03
The European Union is committed 00:13:05
to its mediation services, 00:13:07
as it has done recently 00:13:09
in the peace process in Lusaka 00:13:11
or in the resolution of the conflict 00:13:13
between Ethiopia and Eritrea. 00:13:15
In addition, the majority 00:13:17
of the poorest countries 00:13:19
are crushed by an unbearable 00:13:21
foreign debt. 00:13:23
The European Union supports 00:13:25
the easing of this debt 00:13:27
through the initiative 00:13:29
launched by the IMF, 00:13:31
All those who live on the planet 00:13:34
and who share this planet, 00:13:36
obviously, 00:13:38
if we want to protect it, 00:13:40
if we want to continue 00:13:42
to have a decent quality of life, 00:13:44
it would be necessary that the benefits 00:13:46
and the, how could I say, 00:13:48
the elements of quality 00:13:50
are the same in the North and in the South. 00:13:52
Well, more or less equal. 00:13:54
Often underestimated, 00:14:00
the quality of the environment 00:14:02
has a direct impact on the lives 00:14:04
of the populations of the least advanced countries. 00:14:06
These populations depend on the effects 00:14:08
of natural resources that provide them 00:14:10
food, energy and income. 00:14:12
We are not going to build a station. 00:14:16
We have to build a road. 00:14:18
We have to build a road. 00:14:20
We have to build a road. 00:14:22
We have to build a road. 00:14:24
We have to build a road. 00:14:26
We have to build a road. 00:14:28
We have to build a road. 00:14:30
We have to build a road. 00:14:32
We have to build a road. 00:14:34
We have to build a road. 00:14:36
All this is a problem. 00:14:38
Sustainable management of the environment 00:14:40
is a crucial issue for the least advanced countries. 00:14:42
Their populations also have the skills 00:14:44
and desire to preserve nature 00:14:46
around them while fighting 00:14:48
desertification, 00:14:50
encouraging planting 00:14:52
and reforestation, 00:14:54
organizing irrigation 00:14:56
and biodiversity. 00:14:58
Nigeria is a Sahelian country 00:15:02
in a large majority 00:15:04
and a country 00:15:06
that is threatened 00:15:08
by the desert. 00:15:10
We have said that 00:15:12
in the fight 00:15:14
against the desert 00:15:16
it is very useful 00:15:18
to adopt 00:15:20
this wood-building 00:15:22
technique 00:15:24
and reduce the use 00:15:26
of plant cover. 00:15:28
Environmental aspects 00:15:32
are now an integral part 00:15:34
of European development policy 00:15:36
in favor of sustainable 00:15:38
and integrated development. 00:15:40
The economy of the least advanced countries 00:15:52
is dependent on transport. 00:15:54
The absence or inefficiency 00:15:56
of this fragments the market, 00:15:58
marginalizes the enclaved regions, 00:16:00
hinders exports and trade, 00:16:02
discourages foreign investments, 00:16:04
limits the mobility of workers, 00:16:06
goods and services. 00:16:08
Often the development of a country 00:16:10
is strongly dependent on an adequate 00:16:12
or well-maintained transport system. 00:16:14
I am a trader 00:16:18
and I have been doing this for a long time. 00:16:20
I have been trading 00:16:22
for 60 kilometers. 00:16:24
I have been trading 00:16:26
for three hours 00:16:28
for three hours. 00:16:30
I am trading 00:16:32
to make money 00:16:34
and to buy goods. 00:16:36
I have been trading 00:16:38
for a long time 00:16:40
and I have been trading 00:16:42
in the market 00:16:44
because of the lack of transport. 00:16:46
Through its cooperation, 00:16:53
the European Union is committed 00:16:55
to support the creation 00:16:57
and maintenance of sustainable 00:16:59
transport systems. 00:17:01
It has made one of its priorities 00:17:03
cooperation and to take into account 00:17:05
all the socio-economic needs 00:17:07
of the least advanced countries, 00:17:09
it encourages integrated strategies 00:17:11
of transport at the national level 00:17:13
which includes both the road, 00:17:15
the rail, the air or the waterways. 00:17:17
The United Nations has set itself 00:17:23
as a goal to reduce by half 00:17:25
the number of people living 00:17:27
below the poverty line 00:17:29
by 2015. 00:17:31
This goal is also pursued 00:17:33
by the European Union. 00:17:35
To achieve this goal, 00:17:37
the work to be done is huge. 00:17:39
Only a solid partnership 00:17:41
between the least advanced 00:17:43
countries and fundraisers 00:17:45
will allow to conceive 00:17:47
coherent collaboration mechanisms 00:17:49
for the development 00:17:51
of the least advanced countries. 00:17:53
Valoración:
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
Eres el primero. Inicia sesión para valorar el vídeo.
Idioma/s:
fr
Niveles educativos:
▼ Mostrar / ocultar niveles
      • Segundo Curso
Autor/es:
L'Union Européenne
Subido por:
EducaMadrid
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
832
Fecha:
29 de junio de 2007 - 14:13
Visibilidad:
Público
Enlace Relacionado:
Commission Européenne
Duración:
18′ 19″
Relación de aspecto:
4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
Resolución:
320x240 píxeles
Tamaño:
74.17 MBytes

Del mismo autor…

Ver más del mismo autor

EducaMadrid, Plataforma Educativa de la Comunidad de Madrid

Plataforma Educativa EducaMadrid