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1º ESO/ANIMATED HISTORY OF SPAIN - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 8 de febrero de 2021 por Alicia M.

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Ah, Spain. A land marred by the scars of its past. A land almost synonymous with empire, 00:00:01
having been under the yoke of so many foreign rulers that even they began to lose count. 00:00:08
A land whose very own empire would stand the test of time and dramatically change the course 00:00:12
of Mesoamerican history, and yet somehow managed to avoid two world wars, all this and more in... 00:00:17
So, you've probably heard that Spain was part of the Roman Empire. 00:00:23
But before they arrived, the Iberian Peninsula already had several thriving civilizations, 00:00:58
most of whom were thoroughly supplanted by Indo-European Celts, who had migrated south 00:01:03
from France. 00:01:07
Greeks and the Phoenicians had sailed these waters for centuries, setting up small trade 00:01:08
cities and colonies. 00:01:12
The Carthaginians, who were descendants of the Phoenicians themselves, set up a large 00:01:14
trade empire between 650 and 300 BC, including parts of southern Spain, before coming into 00:01:18
conflict with the Romans who by the 3rd century were still a fledging republic, just toying 00:01:23
with the idea of conquering outside of Italy. 00:01:28
This all changed with the Punic Wars in which Rome came out on top with a slip victory over 00:01:31
the Carthaginian's leader, Hannibal. 00:01:35
The people of Roman Spain became thoroughly Romanized, a process accelerated by immigration 00:01:37
from other parts of the empire, Roman law, religion, and the language became thoroughly 00:01:42
entrenched into society and culture, because, when in Rome I guess. 00:01:46
Hispania fell to various Germanic and nomadic invaders in the 5th century, competing for 00:01:52
land and dominance. 00:01:56
The Suevi Vandals and Alans carved out short-lived kingdoms for themselves before being completely 00:01:58
overrun by the Visigoths. 00:02:02
In 587, the Visigoth king Reccared was converted from an Aryan Christian to a Roman Catholic, 00:02:04
with the rest of his kingdom soon to follow. 00:02:10
The Visigoths fought for power and control in the region with the Byzantines, remnants 00:02:13
of the old Roman Empire in the east, and also got pushed out of most of southern Gaul by 00:02:17
the Franks. 00:02:22
But they did manage to consolidate their hold on the whole of Iberia, save for the Basque 00:02:23
region, by the year 624. 00:02:27
But Visigoth Spain was soon to be facing a new enemy 4,000 kilometers away in Medina, 00:02:30
where from 622 the birth of Islam began to spread through the conquest of Muhammad and 00:02:35
the Rashidun Caliphate. 00:02:39
The empire was further expanded into previously Byzantine holdings in Africa with remarkable 00:02:41
efficiency and speed under the Umayyad dynasty. 00:02:46
In 711, a Berber army crossed the Straits of Gibraltar and conquered the fractured Visigoths, 00:02:50
slowly invading further north halted only by the defeat by the Franks at the Battle 00:02:55
of Tours and the Spaniards at the Battle of Covadana. 00:02:59
The Umayyad dynasty's collapse at the hands of the Obasi allowed one Umayyad fugitive 00:03:02
to claim the Spanish lands for himself. 00:03:07
as the Emory and then the Caliphate of Cordoba, also called the Al-Andalus. 00:03:09
It is around the 8th and 900s that a centuries-long process called the Reconquista began in which 00:03:14
Spanish Christians warred against the Muslims with the goal of driving them out of Spain. 00:03:19
The Spaniards and the Portuguese saw the Muslims as outsiders, both in culture and religion, 00:03:24
and very little integration happened between the two classes. 00:03:29
The Reconquistas saw the Christian domains in the north increase in size and the southern 00:03:33
Muslim kingdoms fracture into the Taifa state, until the Almohads united them again in the 00:03:37
12th century. 00:03:41
The Almohads put what would be the last nail in Muslim Spain's coffin when they implemented 00:03:43
a strict kill-or-convert decree throughout their domains, causing a mass exodus of Jews 00:03:47
and Christians from Cordoba into the northern Christian kingdoms. 00:03:52
A crusade was led against the Almohads from 1212 to 1250 by an alliance of Spanish kingdoms 00:03:56
driving the Moors to a land known as the Granada. 00:04:01
Castile and Aragon, two of the most powerful kingdoms in Hispaniolia, united with the marriage 00:04:04
of Ferdinand and Isabel to create the Kingdom of Spain, which also conquered their last 00:04:08
remnant of Muslim Granada and the Basque Kingdom of Navarre. 00:04:12
Around the same time, an Italian sailor was bumping around from country to country seeking 00:04:16
sponsorship for a voyage to the East Indies. 00:04:20
Finally, on meeting Isabel and Ferdinand, and after about two years of indecisiveness, 00:04:22
King Ferdinand agreed to fund Columbus' voyage, in which he discovered the Americas. 00:04:27
by discovered you mean after Viking life Ericsson and the people who already lived there. 00:04:32
The Spanish Empire in the Americas would change the world forever, at first propelling Spain 00:04:37
to superpower status. 00:04:41
But as soon would become evident, the discovery of new lands and the building of an empire 00:04:43
wasn't enough to occupy the minds of the Spanish crown, and so turned their attention 00:04:46
to religious hegemony. 00:04:51
First decreeing the expulsion of Jews and soon followed by the Muslims, the so-called 00:04:52
Converter Expel Laws in Spain laid the foundations of the Spanish Inquisition. 00:04:56
nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition. This period of Spanish history is notoriously bloody, 00:05:01
even by European standards. The Habsburgs had cemented their claim on Spain as soon as they 00:05:06
could by marrying into the Spanish family. The Habsburgs ruled over large swaths of Europe in 00:05:11
a concerted and somewhat neurotic attempt to keep inheritance within the family, and they were 00:05:16
notorious for their high decree of inbreeding. Habsburg Spain was also a political failure, 00:05:20
drowning in inflation from an influx of American raw materials. Constant warfare and 00:05:26
piracy took its toll on the empire, which lost its early lead for dominance in Europe 00:05:30
to France, Britain, and Russia. 00:05:35
The Habsburgs lost their hold on Spain after the War of Spanish Succession, in which a 00:05:38
French house, the House of Bourbon, took over the Spanish crown. 00:05:42
During the Napoleonic Wars in the 19th century, the Spanish army found themselves ill-prepared, 00:05:46
as they had funneled their entire war treasury into preparation for a naval engagement with 00:05:50
Britain, its main economic rival. 00:05:54
The Spanish army was so soundly defeated by Napoleon that in the end they amounted to 00:05:57
nothing more than unorganized skirmishes and guerrilla warfare. 00:06:01
Napoleon briefly had his brother crowned King of Spain, but with his defeat in 1813 the 00:06:05
monarchy was restored, with rejection of the first Spanish constitution. 00:06:09
This led to a turbulent time in Spain, with revolutions and counter-revolutions for the 00:06:14
next half century. 00:06:18
In 1873 the monarchy was abolished and the first Spanish republic founded. 00:06:20
The Italian king they borrowed, famously abdicating while declaring the Spanish ungovernable. 00:06:24
But with the Spanish-American War and the Cuban Ten Years War, Spain became a shell 00:06:30
of the empire it once was, losing all its holdings in America and the Philippines. 00:06:34
With the outbreak of World War I, Spain declared neutrality and experienced an economic boom, 00:06:38
stifled only by the Spanish flu and insurrections in Morocco. 00:06:43
The instability and lack of centralized control would eventually lead to the Spanish Civil 00:06:47
war between competing factions of nationalists and republicans who split the nation in two. 00:06:50
The civil war is a long and grueling topic that has such complex motives and ideologies 00:06:56
not unlike those happening in the rest of Europe in the 1900s. 00:07:01
So complex in fact that it deserves its own video, which is why you should go to my friend 00:07:04
over at Feature History who has made just that. 00:07:08
Francisco Franco and his dictatorship which presided over the second world war created 00:07:11
what we now call Nationalist Spain, an ideology not unlike Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, 00:07:15
conceding however the official neutrality of Spain during the war. 00:07:21
With his death in 1975, he decreed the restoration of the monarchy with full autocratic powers, 00:07:25
but was marred in King Juan Carlos' decision to seek a constitutional monarchy for the 00:07:31
kingdom. 00:07:35
Spain joined the European Union in 1986, which helped stabilize the economy and industry 00:07:37
in the new government. 00:07:41
The boom in tourism and economic growth in Spain were unprecedented at one point, becoming 00:07:43
Europe's fourth largest economy. 00:07:47
This came to a grinding halt with the 2008 global recession, which saw a property bubble 00:07:50
burst in Spain in particular, creating a devastating long-term economic hardship. 00:07:54
Spain also currently has a few other issues on its plate, including a secessionist movement 00:07:59
in Catalonia, a historically distinct culture region on the southeast, and the European 00:08:03
migrant crisis beginning in 2015. 00:08:08
Modern Spain is still a haven of tourism, with millions visiting each year, as well 00:08:11
as an important political entity in Western Europe, working hard for industrial growth 00:08:16
and slowly healing the wounds of its recent history. 00:08:20
Thank you so much for watching everyone, firstly I want to thank Feature History for collaborating 00:08:28
with me on this one, we've had our channels grow side by side since the very beginning 00:08:32
and he covers topics way better than the kind of short summaries that I do and he's probably 00:08:36
what you're looking for if you really enjoy great topics with a good depth of 00:08:41
history. I'll include a link to his video down below which I collaborated on. Also 00:08:44
be sure to like and subscribe and follow me on Twitter. Also there's been some 00:08:49
requests for some of my characters to be on t-shirts and things like that so I've 00:08:52
opened up a merchandise store which will be updated slowly each month with each 00:08:56
country that I cover and with some of the characters that are on the channel. 00:09:01
So far we've had France and Germany up available now and there'll be more 00:09:05
coming soon. I'll have all the usual links down below. Until next time guys. 00:09:09
Subido por:
Alicia M.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
82
Fecha:
8 de febrero de 2021 - 19:32
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES LA SENDA
Duración:
09′ 21″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
640x360 píxeles
Tamaño:
66.07 MBytes

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