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5TH NATURAL UNIT 6. Electricity EN

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Subido el 26 de mayo de 2020 por Natalia M.

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Hello, good morning. We are going to explain, to learn about electricity, unit 6, which is the last unit from natural science. 00:00:00
We are starting saying and explaining what is electricity. 00:00:12
Electricity is a type of energy and you already know a lot about energy. 00:00:16
But to know about electricity a bit more, then we have to know what is an atom. 00:00:21
An atom is the smallest particle of matter, and it is composed by a nucleus, which inside this nucleus we can find protons, positive charge, neutrons, no charge, and then around the nucleus we can find the electrons, which have a negative charge. 00:00:28
They move around the nucleus all the time, so it's moving, constantly moving, ok? 00:00:53
Así que es el átomo, dentro del átomo encontramos el núcleo, que es una abuelita pequeñita en el centro, 00:00:59
donde encontramos los protones y los neutrons, y alrededor de ellos, moviéndose continuamente, están los electrons, que tienen una carga negativa. 00:01:06
About the charges. Electrons can move from one atom to another, making possible to charge an object with electricity. 00:01:17
So, talking about charges, we can say that an atom can be electrically neutral, electrically positive or electrically negative. 00:01:27
When is it electrically neutral? When it has the same amount of electrons and protons. 00:01:37
They have the same amount of electrons and protons. 00:01:44
Tengo un negativo, tengo positivo, la misma cantidad, con lo cual es neutral. 00:01:49
Electrically positive, when it has more protons than electrons. 00:01:54
We have two protons here, one electron, more positive charges. 00:01:59
So this atom is electrically positive, and then electrically negative it is when it has more electrons, 00:02:05
two in this case, two electrons, than protons. I only have one, so this atom is negatively charged. 00:02:15
What happens with the charges? The same as it happens with magnets. 00:02:24
Different charges attract each other, positive and negative, love, love, love, they love each other, they attract 00:02:31
But what happens when they have the same charge, positive and positive, or negative and negative, that they repel each other 00:02:41
Now we have to talk about different types of electricity 00:02:53
Electricity can stay or flow from one object to another 00:02:56
We have two kinds, two types of electricity. We have static electricity and we have current electricity, ok? 00:03:01
But we are going to start with the static electricity, electricidad estática. 00:03:08
It happens when two surfaces touch each other and the electrons move from one object to another, vale? 00:03:13
This is quite a bit complicated. 00:03:21
One of the objects will have a positive charge and the other a negative charge. 00:03:24
¿Qué pasa? I have two atoms here. Los átomos siempre son neutros, ¿de acuerdo? ¿Qué sucede? Cuando dos superficies se tocan, hemos dicho que los electrones se están moviendo alrededor del núcleo, pues eso hace que los electrones, the electrons move from one atom to another, ¿vale? 00:03:30
so this one here loses an electron that is given to this one 00:03:53
gained one electron, what does that mean? that if I had here the same number 00:03:59
of electrons and the same number of protons, now if I have lost one then I will have 00:04:05
one electron less, that is, I will have 10 electrons and 11 protons, as the 00:04:11
electrons are negative and the protons are positive, what number do I have 00:04:18
more of protons, of positive, so this atom is positively charged. What happens 00:04:23
with this? Well, it turns out that we have said that it has gained one electron, that is to say 00:04:31
that now instead of 11 it has 12 electrons. What charge do the electrons have? 00:04:38
negative. ¿Cuántos prótons tiene? Los mismos que tenía, 11. Entonces, ¿de qué tiene más? 00:04:44
¿De negative o de positive? De negative. Así que este electrón está negatively charged, 00:04:51
¿vale? If you wrap an object quickly, like a balloon, or your feet on the carpet, this 00:04:58
will build up a rather large charge, ¿vale? O sea que cuando dos objetos se ofretan entre 00:05:05
yes, it turns out that static electricity occurs because an atom has, there is no 00:05:12
balance between the two atoms, they are not all neutral but one is 00:05:21
positive and one is negative and we have said in the previous slide here that 00:05:26
when one is positive and the other is negative, love, they attract each other and that is 00:05:31
¿Qué es lo que sucede? Pues cuando esto sucede nos da un chispazo, ¿verdad? 00:05:37
Mirad a este niño, nos da un chispazo, el pelo se nos pone de punta, etcétera, etcétera, ¿vale? 00:05:42
Esa es la static electricity. 00:05:47
Vamos a ver ahora what is the current electricity, las corrientes eléctricas. 00:05:50
Current electricity is electricity that flows from one object to another. 00:05:58
La electricidad que se mueve from one object to another. 00:06:03
We have to distinguish between two things, we are going to talk about electrical insulators 00:06:06
and electrical conductors, you already know this from last unit, so electrical insulators 00:06:13
don't allow electricity to pass through them, no permiten que la electricidad pase a través 00:06:20
de ellos, son materials, not metals, pues los materiales que no son metales, son aislantes, 00:06:26
¿De acuerdo? Pues como hablábamos del calor, el plástico, el cristal 00:06:33
They are electrical insulators 00:06:37
On the other side we have electrical conductors 00:06:39
Which allow electricity to pass through them 00:06:42
What materials are they? 00:06:46
Almost all metals 00:06:48
Los metales 00:06:50
Los metales transmiten la electricidad, conducen la electricidad muy bien 00:06:51
¿De acuerdo? ¿De qué material está hecho el enchufe? 00:06:55
o el cargador del móvil que nosotros metemos en el enchufe es de plástico, 00:06:59
es de plástico la parte por donde nosotros lo agarramos, 00:07:04
porque hemos dicho que el plastic is an electrical insulator, 00:07:07
pero ¿y las dos clavijitas que se ponen en el enchufe? 00:07:11
Están hechas de metal, because metal is an electrical conductor. 00:07:16
We have to talk about an electrical circuit when we are talking about current electricity. 00:07:24
circuito eléctrico, it is a current electricity allows electrons to flow through a path 00:07:29
¿vale? permite que los electrones se mueven en un camino que nosotros les damos 00:07:39
como es este circuito, ¿de acuerdo? 00:07:43
what is number one? number one is the switch 00:07:46
it opens and closes the circuit, it can stop the flow 00:07:48
¿vale? abre y cierra el circuito, lo apago, lo cierro, lo enciendo 00:07:53
Pues lo estoy abriendo para que pasen los electrones 00:07:56
Number two, this one 00:08:01
This one is the power source 00:08:03
And it provides the electrical energy 00:08:05
Number three, the wires 00:08:08
They conduct the electricity 00:08:10
And number four, yes, light bulbs in this case 00:08:13
Light bulbs are the resistor 00:08:17
Which transforms the electricity into another form of energy 00:08:19
so light bulbs transform electrical energy into light energy now we are going 00:08:24
to talk about inventors and inventions okay in 1800 we have Alessandro Volta 00:08:34
who invented the battery las pilas okay the battery and what do they do they 00:08:42
transform chemical energy into electrical energy then 31 years later 00:08:48
Michael Faraday invented the electrical generator, yes, el generador eléctrico, it 00:08:53
transfers mechanical energy into electrical energy, vale, esto se mueve, por eso es 00:09:00
mechanical energy, se mueve y el movimiento le produce energía eléctrica. 00:09:06
In 1876 Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone, so I think you don't need 00:09:11
me to explain this, but this picture here is a very old telephone. In 1879, Thomas 00:09:18
Edison invented the light bulb, la bombilla. It transforms electrical energy into 00:09:26
light energy. Thomas Edison was very important. In 1888, Nikola Tesla invented 00:09:32
the alternating current motor. It allows, is this thing here, it allows electricity 00:09:40
it is to travel long distances and transforms it into mechanical energy. 00:09:46
Marconi, in 1894, radio transmitter was the radio. It transforms electrical 00:09:51
energy into sound energy, so Marconi invented the radio. And finally, Alan 00:09:58
Turing, 1936, he invented a computer which is this machine here, very different to 00:10:03
the computers you know from these days. What does a computer do? Well, it 00:10:08
It processes the information and shows it on a screen, ok? 00:10:15
Now I'm going to tell you a story about Alan Turing 00:10:22
It's short, ok? 00:10:26
He invented the computer, as you already know 00:10:27
and it was very curious because this man was put in jail 00:10:31
In his time, it was very poorly seen that men would like men 00:10:36
so they thought that this was also a disease and Alan Turing was told that he was sick and that he had to cure that disease 00:10:42
they put him in jail, they were giving him medication to prevent him from liking men, but well, you know that that cannot be changed 00:10:50
then one day he decided that he did not want to continue living 00:10:59
so he talked to someone and this someone gave him an poisoned apple 00:11:05
of food he had asked for it he wanted to die he did not want to continue living he was 00:11:12
having a hard time he was suffering a lot so he gave a bite to that 00:11:16
apple and fell down in his cell later when they went to pick up the 00:11:20
they saw him dead on the ground and an apple bitten 00:11:27
on his side. Well, do you know what is the symbol of an 00:11:33
apple bitten, if it occurs to you? Yes? Well, yes, you guessed it, it is the 00:11:39
apple symbol, right? An apple bitten. Well, Apple, its inventor, 00:11:45
wanted to make this memory of Alan Turing, putting as an icon of his company 00:11:50
the bitten apple that Alan Turing, the inventor of the computer, bit. 00:11:58
And that's it. That's all. I hope you've enjoyed watching me. 00:12:03
If you have questions, please write to me. Bye bye! 00:12:09
Autor/es:
NATALIA MARTÍN DÍAZ
Subido por:
Natalia M.
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial
Visualizaciones:
92
Fecha:
26 de mayo de 2020 - 13:55
Visibilidad:
Clave
Centro:
CP INF-PRI MESONERO ROMANOS
Duración:
12′ 14″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1024x576 píxeles
Tamaño:
379.30 MBytes

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