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3. Characteristics of the war

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Subido el 13 de abril de 2020 por Ruben P.

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So what we are going to see in this third epigraph, in this third point of this unit is the characteristics of the war. As you can understand, this Second World War was different from the first one. It has things in common, but it's going to be huge, it's going to be bigger, but it's going to be more destructive than the first one. 00:00:00
So let's begin. The key idea is that in this war, the two sides in this war, they were incompatible. It means they need to destroy one or the other. It was impossible to survive a totalitarian regime along with democracies. 00:00:24
It cannot survive this specific type of political system. 00:00:41
It means the totalitarian regimes wanted to control the other countries, the other races that they were inferior. 00:00:47
They wanted to use war in order to achieve their goals, their nationalist goals and their racist goals. 00:00:55
So the idea is, the key idea of this Second World War is that these two sides, the democratic side and the totalitarian Nazi fascist side, they were incompatible, okay, they cannot survive together, okay, so the idea is all the democratic states win the match or the totalitarian countries win the match. 00:01:00
Why? Because the totalitarian regimes were not compatible with the democracies, okay? 00:01:28
Remember, the ones that started this war were the totalitarian regimes, was Italy and was Germany, 00:01:34
that they wanted to expand to create these empires, and they have this racist conception 00:01:41
of international relations and also nationalism, so that they needed to expand and to control the 00:01:47
others the ones that they are inferior okay so this is the key idea the key 00:01:54
point the key idea of the second world war 00:01:58
is that that both sides in this world they were incompatible so 00:02:01
they cannot survive together they it could only prevail 00:02:05
prevalecer destroying the other okay so one of the sides is going to win and 00:02:10
this one that is going to win is going to do it destroying the 00:02:15
opponent okay so first there are going to be three main characteristics the first one is 00:02:19
that we talk about a total war it is a total war because of its geographical dimension okay 00:02:24
it's going to involve many different countries not only the european countries but also japan 00:02:31
the u.s the latin american countries the different colonies the whole world is going to be fighting 00:02:37
in this war okay there are going to be battles in the five continents okay there are going 00:02:44
to be battles in Asia there are going to be battles in Africa there are going to be battles 00:02:50
in Europe also in some of the regions of the American territory in the Aleutian Islands 00:02:54
so the idea is there are going to be fights there are going to be battles everywhere everywhere 00:03:01
so the idea is a total war because of these geographical dimensions okay all these countries 00:03:07
except for the purple ones are going to fight in this war okay so it means most of the world 00:03:13
almost 100 of the countries in the world were fighting in this second world war okay 00:03:20
so as i said there are going to be military operations in europe asia africa and oceania 00:03:27
they are not talking about america there are because they are a few battles so it's not that 00:03:32
much but they are going to be battles in Europe Asia Africa and Oceania okay so 00:03:37
that's the idea we talk about the total war because he is going to affect to 00:03:43
almost or is going to involve almost all the states all the countries in the 00:03:46
world remember 50 million soldiers involved in the conflict there are going 00:03:51
to be around 60 million people die okay 60 million casualties okay but 50 00:03:56
million soldiers involved in the conflict remember Spain today nowadays 00:04:04
has 46 million people approximately 46 million people so it means it's like 00:04:09
taking all the population in Spain even the babies with weapons in order to 00:04:18
fight and it would be and we we will we will need four more million people in 00:04:23
order to imagine the quantity of soldiers fighting in this war so that's 00:04:29
why it's a total war because it's going to be everywhere in the world is we we 00:04:36
are going to have battles in the different country in different 00:04:41
continents and also there are going to be involved 50 million soldiers okay 00:04:44
these are the casualties as you can check in absolute numbers okay the 00:04:49
country that is going to lose more a more population is going to be the 00:04:54
Soviet Union is 10 million civilians and 7.5 million of 00:04:59
soldiers okay so it's going to be the 12% of the population of Russia if you 00:05:06
check Poland is going to have a less casualties but the percentage of 00:05:12
population lost during this conflict is going to be higher 14 percent of the 00:05:17
population please let's check this you see Poland you see Germany okay you see 00:05:22
Italy you see the Netherlands but let's check China 3.5 million militants 10 00:05:30
million civilians and remember China is only it has been invaded by Japan that's 00:05:37
it so the Japanese army is going to execute 10 million civilians 10 million 00:05:44
civilians a lot of people so when we are talking about the Second World War we 00:05:53
need to think of these people of China China is going to suffer a lot in this 00:05:57
Second World War okay it's 2.2 percent of population okay but it's going to be 00:06:03
a lot in absolute numbers as well as in the Soviet Union okay so that's it in 00:06:13
case of the United States is almost 300,000 people remember Japan is going 00:06:21
to lose most of the civilians that they are going to die or an important part 00:06:30
are going to be they are going to die during the bombs and you see is 1 00:06:34
million two hundred twenty thousand a soldiers dead in this country okay so 00:06:39
this is a these are the data about the people dead during this this conflict 00:06:49
okay so the Soviet Union okay we talk about civilians we talk about the total 00:06:56
people and we talk about soldiers okay so as you can see is 29 million okay in 00:07:02
total okay here is Poland here is Germany please understand that in in 00:07:11
Poland when we talk about civilians we are talking most of them are going to be 00:07:17
Jews that they are going to be executed exterminated in the in the camps okay in 00:07:21
the concentration and extermination camps okay so when we talk about Poland 00:07:27
most of them are going to be you okay so let's continue these are the 00:07:31
Characteristics of the total war and this is an interesting chart. Okay. I want you to check this chart 00:07:39
Okay, this is a that popular opinion about who won who who what was the the nation that? 00:07:44
Contributed more to defeat Germany in 1945 that would be the the translation. Okay, so in May 14 00:07:52
1945 in France 00:08:01
57 percent of population thought that the Soviet Union was the most important country the country that 00:08:03
contributed more to defeat Germany. At 20% the US and 12% Great Britain. 00:08:09
But in May 1994, almost 50 years later, the situation has changed. 00:08:17
The propaganda, the American propaganda, has made the people think that it was this 00:08:24
the United States, the country that contributed more to defeat Germany and 00:08:30
at 25% now is the Soviet Union and in 2004 more or less the percentage are the 00:08:36
same so it means as soon as the war is over in May remember May the 8th for a 00:08:42
1945 is one day when Germany surrendered a most of the population in France 00:08:49
thought that was the Soviet Union the country that contributed more to defeat 00:08:55
Germany but in 1944 and 2004 in this moment and nowadays also most of the 00:08:59
population is thinking okay is the US the country that contributed more but in 00:09:06
fact if you check the data that we were talking about before okay of course in 00:09:10
the Soviet Union the one that is going to suffer more casualties if we compare 00:09:16
it with a the United States okay so there is no comparison with the United 00:09:21
States so the second characteristic is the mobilization of the population and 00:09:27
economy for military purpose it means due to this total war the different 00:09:35
governments are going to intervene the economy and they are going to force the 00:09:41
population to move or to contribute to this military effort okay so the thing 00:09:45
is the civil population is going to be affected by the bombings you know that 00:09:51
okay this is a colonia in in Germany if you check there are few few buildings 00:09:54
that they they remain they stand okay everything is almost destroyed this is the consequence of 00:10:02
the the allies bombing the germans uh cities okay so everything is destroyed but imagine this 00:10:10
imagine you living here imagine you living the moment when this uh when the bombings start 00:10:18
because the the city wasn't empty the city was full of people so when you are bombing you go 00:10:23
or you go to to a bunker in order to survive or you are going to die on the streets because of 00:10:30
the fire because of the bombs etc so most of the civilians that they are going to die in germany 00:10:37
are going to die during this bombing process and of course these bombings are going to make suffer 00:10:43
the children the ones that they are going to suffer more are the little ones so remember 00:10:50
these bombings are going to terrorize and demoralize the population why they are bombing 00:10:58
the cities because they want the population to be against the Nazi 00:11:03
government what they want is the population demanding to end with the war 00:11:06
demanding the Nazi government to end with the war so the idea of this bombing 00:11:11
is in the in first place to terrorize and demoralize the population in order 00:11:16
to make them to be against their own government in the other part is to 00:11:21
destroy and dismantle the enemies industrial economic organization 00:11:27
remember you see here the different the bridges that they are destroyed the 00:11:31
different factories destroyed so what they are attacking is the population of 00:11:36
course because they want the population to be against the Nazi government to be 00:11:40
demanding to end with the war and the second characteristic is because they 00:11:44
want to end with the economy of the country if you can destroy the 00:11:49
industrial production of Germany means that they cannot produce more bombs they 00:11:54
cannot produce more tanks they cannot produce more planes etc so it means that 00:12:00
you are attacking the economy of the country in order to shorten the war 00:12:05
okay ideas hacer más corta la guerra de como aterrorizando la población demanda 00:12:13
que acabe la guerra o atacando la industria para evidentemente acabar con 00:12:19
sus recursos no military the other one the other characteristics related with 00:12:25
this mobilization of the population and economy for military purposes the state 00:12:30
intervention okay the state is going to intervene and it's going to organize the 00:12:34
production okay and it's going to increase the workforce so the idea is 00:12:38
the state is going to intervene in economy in the economy in order to 00:12:41
prepare the country for the war or in order to carry out or to resist or carry 00:12:46
the war okay operations so there is going to be a large-scale mobilization of women remember the men 00:12:52
are fighting in the fronts the men are soldiers they are fighting and the women are going to be 00:12:58
now working in the industrial factories etc so there is going to be a large scale at an 00:13:04
escala large scale mobilization of women okay and also of course they are going to suffer this 00:13:10
a shortage of food and consumer goods it means they are going to suffer from this they are going 00:13:16
to suffer a lack of food and consumer goods okay that's forced to rationing anything they have 00:13:23
so the idea is they are going to rationing the rationing the the food they are going to rationing 00:13:32
anything, okay? Consumer goods could be, I don't know, tables, chairs, anything you 00:13:39
need, okay? A lamp, etc. Anything, they are going to have shortage. Quiere decir, escasez, vale? 00:13:45
So the thing is, the population is going to suffer the bombings, so they are going 00:13:53
to be terrorized and demoralized, and also these bombings are going to try to end 00:13:58
with the enemy's industrial production. Second, there is going to be a state 00:14:02
intervention in order to organize this production and mobilize this woman in 00:14:07
order to produce to substitute the men in the industrial production and finally 00:14:12
the shortage of food and consumer goods due to this war of course if you are 00:14:17
ending with the economic production or in the 00:14:21
industrial production they are not going to have food and they are not going to 00:14:26
have consumer goods so remember the ones that they are going to suffer more are 00:14:29
the children. The last characteristic is that that this war is also going to be 00:14:34
an ideological battle. It means, remember, there are two ideologies fighting 00:14:43
democracy against and liberalism of course against against Nazism and 00:14:49
against fascism, okay? So the idea is they need to move the feelings of the 00:14:56
population in their favor they are going to use propaganda in order to move these 00:15:03
people in favor of democracy to end with fascism and the people that supports 00:15:08
fascism to end with democracy remember it's a war where there is going to be 00:15:13
only one winner that that only one only one of the on the other people fight or 00:15:18
their groups or the sides can survive so in order to win the war both opponents 00:15:24
needed to promote patriotic values it means they need to make the population 00:15:31
to join the army they need to buy the population to support the democracy 00:15:35
etc and encourage hatred of the enemy it means we want you to support the country 00:15:39
your own country but also we want to make you feel a anger against the enemy 00:15:46
okay you you need to hate the enemy okay so make them feel it's worth it to fight 00:15:53
okay so the idea is it's worth it to fight is worth it to fight for democracy 00:16:00
against fascism or is is is worth it to fight in favor of fascism against 00:16:06
democracy so that's the idea they are going to use different ways in order to 00:16:12
make the population first to support the country and the army and second to hate 00:16:16
the enemy okay it's an ideological battle too it's not only a military 00:16:23
battle it's also an ideological battle so let's check for example in the US 00:16:30
okay here is Uncle Sam that is representing the US okay I'm telling you 00:16:34
on June 28 I expect you to enlist in the army of war savers to back up my army of 00:16:40
fighters so the idea is I want you to join the army the men are ready only you 00:16:45
can give them wings okay so the idea is a we have soldiers but you need to work 00:16:50
in order to produce the planes that they are going to use to destroy the enemy 00:16:56
avenge Pearl Harbor we will revenge because of Pearl Harbor okay our bullets 00:17:01
will do it here is Uncle Sam again as you can see it's America saying okay we 00:17:08
will fight against the Japanese you see here the Japanese flag so we will 00:17:13
a revenge we will take revenge because of what you have done so this is the ideological battle 00:17:18
they are using propaganda to make people americans in this case hate the japanese or to work in the 00:17:24
factories or to join the army for example americas will always fight for liberty 1778 during the 00:17:32
american revolution here is in 1943 during the second world war so that's the idea the americans 00:17:41
are always being fighting in favor of liberty when they try to be independent when they fight 00:17:48
for their independence now against nazism against fascism okay and this is for example a communist 00:17:55
propaganda, you see Hitler represented as the swastika, with these claws, these feet 00:18:04
that they are like a monster, and everyone is killing it, the British and the Americans, 00:18:16
the Americans and the British, and also the communists. 00:18:24
So the allies, what they are going to do in this ideological battle, first to defend the 00:18:30
democratic values over dictatorship a dictatorship is not acceptable we are 00:18:36
going to defend democratic values second we need to maintain our fight spirit we 00:18:41
need to maintain this the possibility the idea or the feeling of the 00:18:47
population in order to make them willing to fight it means to keep them fight to 00:18:54
maintain this fight spirit, the idea is we need to make them keep fighting, keep 00:19:00
supporting the country, keep hating the enemy. So for example, next you see 00:19:06
6th war loan, okay, Japan, the next is Japan, okay, you see here the bomb, the 00:19:13
atomic bomb, so the idea is we have defeated Germany, now we are going to 00:19:19
defeat Japan. And the Axis power, of course they are going to advocate these 00:19:23
values of superiority of the Aryan race you know that okay you know Hitler was 00:19:28
spreading the idea this propaganda about the Aryan race okay and also that the 00:19:35
Jewish and communist conspiracy it means the Jews are the enemy the communists 00:19:41
are the enemy there is a conspiracy based on these two groups okay so the 00:19:46
idea is we need to eliminate the Jews you see that they are they are allies 00:19:52
of the communists so we need to end with them that's why they are going to start 00:19:58
killing killing them in the extermination camps and also the idea of 00:20:03
the Aryan race okay we need money in order to keep fighting remember the 00:20:10
blonde girl smiling the the young boy that is going to fight okay the gas mask 00:20:14
they are going to use an axe okay they are going to fight against the enemy 00:20:22
They are talking about the Jews, okay, fighting in the war and also the idea of the Aryan family, you know, the man, the two boys that they are going to inherit his role and here is the mother taking care of the babies because it's their role, okay. 00:20:27
so you see everyone is blonde everyone is going to have a blue eyes or light light color eyes 00:20:53
and you see all of them participating of this idea of Aryan race okay so that's the idea it's 00:21:00
an ideological battle there are two two sides in the allied side they are going to defend 00:21:08
democracy and they they need to focus on maintaining this fight spirit and the Axis 00:21:14
powers are going to focus on okay there is a conspiracy an international 00:21:19
conspiracy that is led by Jews Jewish people and communists and also these 00:21:22
values of superiority of the alien race of course they are going to use the mass 00:21:28
media the radio the films or movies the press and the propaganda posters as we 00:21:34
have seen okay so that's the idea these are the three characteristics a total 00:21:40
war that they are going to suffer the bombings and the population must be 00:21:44
mobilize and also the the woman remember and the state intervention and finally 00:21:48
this ideological battle that means that there is not going to be only a military 00:21:55
battle but but also is going to be an ideological battle okay they are going 00:22:05
to use all this propaganda yeah using the radio the things the press or these 00:22:10
posters okay and the allies to praise for these democratic values or maintain 00:22:15
the fight spirit while the Axis powers are going to defend this idea of the 00:22:19
conspiracy led by the Jewish and communists and these values and 00:22:24
superiority of the Aryan race 00:22:29
Autor/es:
Rubén Peinado González
Subido por:
Ruben P.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
46
Fecha:
13 de abril de 2020 - 18:48
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES ANTARES
Duración:
22′ 34″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1280x720 píxeles
Tamaño:
139.71 MBytes

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