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Subido el 20 de abril de 2020 por Laura A.

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Hello everybody, this is a presentation of Unit 6 of Social Science which is related 00:00:00
to people and population, right? You have the presentation and this is the tutorial, 00:00:05
so let's going to start with the next point, with the first point, sorry, which is that's 00:00:11
related to population. So, what is population? Population is all the people that live in 00:00:15
a certain place. The population of the community of Madrid is around six and a half million 00:00:23
of people. But how can we know that? How can we know the amount of people living in a city 00:00:29
or in a certain place? So that's thanks to the demography. So demography is the study of the 00:00:36
human populations. And when we talk about demography, we have to include several aspects. 00:00:45
First, the size. How big is the population? Because, for instance, we have many different 00:00:53
types of cities or villages or areas in Spain. We have the big capital cities such as Madrid 00:00:59
and Barcelona, but we also have small villages in which people are living too, right? How 00:01:06
big is it, right? That's the aspect related to size. Composition. Who are the people that 00:01:12
make up the population? Do they have studies? Do they have a family? Are they immigrants, 00:01:19
emigrants, right? Composition. Who are the people that make up the population? Distribution. Where 00:01:29
do they live? Do they live in town? Do they live in areas surrounding the city? Where do they live? 00:01:35
they live in the capital cities? Do they live in the center of Spain? Density. How many people live 00:01:43
in each area? For instance, in Madrid we have different neighborhoods. How many people live 00:01:51
on in each of them? Do we have more neighbors in Salamanca's neighborhood or maybe in Hortaleza's 00:01:59
neighborhoods? So they study the density, which is the people living in an area taking into account 00:02:06
the square kilometers of the areas right and growth is the population increasing or decreasing 00:02:13
so do we have more babies do we have more elder people right so it studies all those aspects 00:02:19
size composition distribution density and growth so let's going to move to the next point 00:02:28
because populations are in constant change 00:02:34
because of the immigrants, emigrants, 00:02:39
the people who are born, right? 00:02:42
But how do we know that? 00:02:48
So governments use a census to count the population 00:02:52
and to collect information about the people living in a particular place. 00:02:55
But what is a census, right? 00:03:00
so in the next part we are going to learn about the census. Here you have a question, 00:03:03
what is the INE and how is a census? So if we click on the icons we will learn more about it. 00:03:11
So let's going to learn first about the, sorry I didn't stop it, let's going to learn first about 00:03:18
about the census. You click on it, you will see here the last census, right? 00:03:25
It's the INE, Instituto Nacional de Estadística, in Spanish, right? 00:03:38
And they answer the question, what is a census? So you have here the answer to my question, right? 00:03:42
And they tell you how you have to fill in the different gaps they have, right? 00:03:50
Right? And what do they ask about? We are asked about our house or flat, about the rooms we have, if we are married, if we are single, about our parents, the things that we have studied, right? 00:03:58
if we are working now, they ask us about many, many, many different aspects, right? 00:04:28
The census is done each 10 years, right? So the last one was in 2011, so we will have 00:04:40
the next one next year, right? But here you can read about it and learn about it. If we 00:04:50
go to the presentation, we will click on the other link which is the INES page, right? Instituto 00:04:58
Nacional de Estadística is where we can see the data that they collect about the Spanish 00:05:06
population. So here we have the pyramids and the amount of people living in the cities, how many 00:05:17
of them live in a house or a flat, right? Well, we can learn many many different things. 00:05:26
Here you have the page, you can click on the different parts of it so you will learn about it. 00:05:37
So, let's going to continue now with the next point of this presentation which is related to 00:05:43
certain aspects we need to learn are definitions and concepts we have to learn in order to know 00:05:50
about population. Yes, so let's go into the next page, which is how do we count moving people? 00:05:57
How do we know it? So we have different formulas and different concepts. The first one, it's very 00:06:06
easy. As the name says, absolute population is the total number of people living in an area, 00:06:12
right? The people living in a place or in a city or in a village, right? I have 20 people living 00:06:18
here. The absolute population is 20, right? But we have also population density. As I told you 00:06:24
previously, the population density is the average number of people living on each square kilometer 00:06:31
of land. And we have a formula to calculate it. So absolute population divided by the square 00:06:38
kilometers is equal to the population density. Let's going to have an example, right? I have a 00:06:46
village, a very small village. The village is just five square kilometers and I have, 00:06:52
because I am the mayor, now there are 10 people living in that village, right? So there are 10 00:06:59
people living in a village which is five square kilometers. So the population density of that 00:07:06
place is two inhabitants per square kilometers. I have two people living on each square kilometer, 00:07:14
right? This is just an average, it's not real, right? Because maybe the 10 people are living 00:07:22
in the same house, but it's just something to help us to know about the people living in certain 00:07:27
areas, right? Let's going to move to the next concept, which is that related to the natural 00:07:34
increase. The natural increase is the difference between the number of births 00:07:43
and the number of deaths. So we have two substrates. 00:07:48
The death rate from the birth rate. 00:07:52
And we have as a result the natural increase. 00:07:55
The natural increase can be positive 00:07:59
or negative. For instance, 00:08:03
it's very easy. Positive natural increase. It occurs 00:08:06
When there are more births than deaths, right? 00:08:10
We have more babies than deaths. 00:08:13
When we have a positive natural increase, the population increases. 00:08:17
We have more people each year, right? 00:08:22
We have more and more people. 00:08:24
But we also have a negative natural increase. 00:08:26
It's when there are more deaths than births in an area and the absolute population decreases. 00:08:29
That's happening now in areas, in small villages, in which people, young people move to the capital cities and the villages they just have, in the villages we just have elder people, so we have more deaths than births and little by little that places can disappear, right? 00:08:36
Let's going to move to the concept of emigrant and immigrant. So, an emigrant is a person who 00:08:55
leaves her or his country or a place, right? And an immigrant is a person who comes to live 00:09:04
permanently in a foreign country. For instance, I am from Spain and I went to England to work. So, 00:09:10
in Spain I was an immigrant who moved from Spain to England and in England I was an immigrant 00:09:19
because I was a person from a different country living there and working there, right? And the 00:09:26
next point of this presentation is related to a new concept, right? In which we have to take into 00:09:34
account the immigration and emigration. So, it's the concept of actual increase. 00:09:42
Actual increase. If we want to know about the real population of a place, we have to take into 00:09:50
account the immigration and immigration figures, right? People who are coming and people who 00:09:57
are moving to a different place. So, how do we know it? I have to do this formula, 00:10:03
right? The natural increase plus the number of immigrants and from this I have to subtract the 00:10:11
number of immigrants and I have to actual increase, right? It's very easy but you just have to take 00:10:18
into account the immigrants and the emigrants. Let's going to move to just we are just in the 00:10:26
last pages of this presentation because we just have some activities and videos right but I would 00:10:35
like to talk about population pyramids before to finish with the presentation because next 00:10:43
next week you will have to do something related to this but you will know so what are population 00:10:49
pyramids are graphical illustrations that show the distribution as you can see oh sorry 00:10:54
And the distribution of the population, right? Yeah, sorry. So this is the population pyramid 00:11:00
of Spain in 2010. As you can see, the males appear on the left and the females on the right, right? 00:11:13
And in this case, they are measured by the total population, right? It's the number of the total 00:11:21
population, we don't have a percentage, but here we can see many different 00:11:27
data about our population. For instance, it's 2010, so you must be 00:11:33
here, you are 11 years old, so you must be here, right? So it's here if you are a 00:11:39
male and here if you are female, and we will know how the population is gonna 00:11:50
a change during the following years, right? This is just an example. I can know that I have less 00:11:56
young people and less children than maybe people who are 45 or 49 years old, right? 00:12:05
We will learn how to analyze it and you will have to do it next week. So I have another example 00:12:16
here. This is the population, the pyramid population of Spain in 2011, right? But the 00:12:22
shape of a population can tell us about the population. Of course, it's a population pyramid. 00:12:32
Well, we can see how population is changing over the time or identify patterns and predict 00:12:37
what might happen. So, you were in the other pyramid, you were here. Now you must be here 00:12:44
or maybe here, right? As you can see we have even less children, babies, because those are babies, 00:12:51
I have even less, we have even less babies than 10 years ago. So what is going to happen? 00:12:59
That our pyramid is going to be an inverted pyramid maybe in 30 years. That means that we 00:13:07
will have more elder people than young people. So it's gonna be something difficult to handle. 00:13:14
I want just to move because I have 15 minutes and I see that I have 13. Here you have two videos. 00:13:22
One is the one in which you will learn about density population with Minecraft 00:13:30
and the other one it talks about population too. I want you to have a look on them and I also 00:13:37
want you to do the following exercises and activities. Why? If I click here I will have 00:13:43
the first one which is the activity one. You will see this is Spain, right? And how can this picture 00:13:50
help you to know about the population density in certain areas of Spain? But imagine that I don't 00:13:57
know about geography but I'm really sure where Madrid is just watching at this picture, right? 00:14:02
So, this is the first activity. The second activity is that which says look at the figures below and 00:14:10
calculate the natural increase and the actual increase. So, you have the formulas there 00:14:17
and you just have to, but it's very very easy, you just have to. This is an UNICEF activity because 00:14:22
it's mathematics, right? And activity three. What is the population density of Greenland 00:14:27
if it has a population of 56,000 people and a surface area of 2.1 square kilometers, right? 00:14:35
And the last activity, what is a census? When did the most recent census take place in Spain 00:14:47
and why is a census important? That's all, I don't have time, bye bye! 00:14:54
Subido por:
Laura A.
Licencia:
Todos los derechos reservados
Visualizaciones:
112
Fecha:
20 de abril de 2020 - 12:22
Visibilidad:
Clave
Centro:
CP INF-PRI AMADOR DE LOS RIOS
Duración:
15′ 01″
Relación de aspecto:
2.10:1
Resolución:
1360x648 píxeles
Tamaño:
53.42 MBytes

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