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Fighting Poverty

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Subido el 29 de junio de 2007 por EducaMadrid

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At world level, 10% of the population is below the poverty line. The developed countries, if they have the will of them, can contribute to changing the situation of those which live with less than one dollar per day. The adoption of action plans for these countries would be of primary importance so much at the level of the food security, at the level of rural development, of education, of health, of trade, of peace, of the good gouvrenance, of the environnment and of transports. International support is indeed vital to help the countries the least advanced in their efforts to combat poverty and in their advance towards peace in the middle of the conflicts.

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In the threshold of the third millennium, despite the advances achieved in the fields 00:00:00
of medicine, science and technology, one damning observation remains. 00:00:29
One and a half billion human beings are living below the poverty line on less than one dollar 00:00:33
a day. 00:00:38
Today, 49 states belong to what are called the less advanced countries, the poorest of 00:00:39
the poor. 00:00:45
Together, these countries are home to over 10% of the world's population, 614 million 00:00:46
inhabitants trying to survive in extreme poverty. 00:00:52
Despite the efforts made, the list of less advanced countries has grown. 00:00:56
In 1971, the United Nations counted 24, today in 2001, there are 49 of them. 00:00:59
Although the less advanced countries do not represent a homogeneous group, they do share 00:01:06
some common characteristics. 00:01:11
Major difficulties in developing their domestic economy and providing decent living conditions 00:01:13
for their populations, and economies that are extremely vulnerable to extreme crises 00:01:18
and natural disasters. 00:01:23
The 49 less advanced countries include 40 member states of the ACP group, Africa, Caribbean, 00:01:25
Pacific, 35 in Africa, 1 in the Caribbean, and 4 in the Pacific. 00:01:31
The ACP states are linked to the European Union by the Cotonou Agreements, signed in 00:01:36
June 2000. 00:01:41
Europe is one of the most important players in international cooperation. 00:01:43
It provides 55% of world public aid for development. 00:01:47
The EDF, European Development Fund, is the Union's main financial development aid tool 00:01:51
for the 78 countries of the ACP group. 00:01:57
For the period 2000 to 2005, the 9th EDF has been allocated a budget of 13.5 billion euros, 00:02:00
plus financial resources still available, making a total of around 25 billion euros. 00:02:08
Faced with globalization and with the worsening situation in the poorest countries, Europe 00:02:14
has reviewed its development policy in order to improve the effectiveness of its aid. 00:02:19
With the Cotonou Agreement, reducing poverty is clearly established as a primary objective 00:02:24
of any development aid. 00:02:29
No donor or international institution is in a position to take action on all fronts at 00:02:31
the same time. 00:02:36
For this reason, the European Union is keen to target its aid at specific fields. 00:02:37
In this area, we really have a lot of water problems, because even when we dig a well, 00:02:49
we have to go up to 80 meters to find water, and it is difficult to feed a population 00:03:09
70% of the poorest populations live in rural areas that are heavily dependent on agriculture 00:03:16
and characterized by a fragile ecosystem. 00:03:25
Access to basic needs such as drinking water, health and education is very limited there. 00:03:28
Infant mortality and malnutrition rates are very high. 00:03:34
Rural development is one of the key principles of the European Union's and other backers' 00:03:38
cooperation programs. 00:03:43
For all these activities, there have been project interventions, and there has been 00:04:14
support in relation to basic education, such as schools, class building, support for school 00:04:19
content, so everything related to feeding students. 00:04:25
Rural development is a whole combination of different aspects. 00:04:28
Although agriculture is essential in this, it is equally necessary to ensure that rural 00:04:32
areas benefit from other sector-related programs such as those aimed at health, education, 00:04:37
trade and transport. 00:04:42
Precarious food supplies are a constant threat to some states. 00:04:44
11 of the 49 poorest countries are sustained by the European Food Safety Program. 00:04:48
This has a long-term aim and encourages far-reaching changes in the rural economy. 00:04:53
The European Food Safety Program aims to ensure that rural people are not the only ones 00:05:13
suffering from winter culture. 00:05:19
Here, we have malaria cases, and in general, infectious diseases. 00:05:24
Unfortunately, we also have AIDS cases. 00:05:30
We also have malnutrition cases and pneumonia cases. 00:05:33
The most common disease in rural countries is parasitosis. 00:05:39
In fact, it is the disease that most rural people suffer from. 00:05:43
Parasitosis is a disease that is most common in rural areas, which is not very correct 00:05:48
in terms of hygiene and so on. 00:05:53
Despite enormous progress achieved in medicines, the vast majority of the populations of the 00:05:59
less advanced countries do not have access to health care or affordable costs. 00:06:04
Some of these countries are facing a real epidemic of the HIV virus, which is affecting 00:06:08
only 40% of the adult population. 00:06:13
In addition, although the rate of school attendance is gradually rising, illiteracy remains one 00:06:16
of the main obstacles to social development. 00:06:21
So when the idea was brought up of establishing a community school, we actually got very excited 00:06:24
because we knew that now our young brothers and sisters are going to have access to education. 00:06:31
What we have done is that we have identified the problems that the schools have been facing. 00:06:37
For instance, the distance between the villages, the settlements, and the school. 00:06:45
That is one of the problems. 00:06:50
In actual fact, that is the one we are addressing currently, apart from the fact that we are 00:06:52
trying to improve the infrastructure because many schools were made out of coal mines. 00:06:56
The 2020 initiative organized by the European Commission is aimed at encouraging developing 00:07:05
countries which invest in the social and human sectors. 00:07:10
20% of European aid granted to basic social services against 20% of the national budget 00:07:13
of the beneficiary country devoted to the same sector. 00:07:19
The priorities are access to basic education, vocational training, and high level qualifications, 00:07:23
health care for all, the fight against AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis. 00:07:29
Then, above all, very particular attention is paid to the most vulnerable group of people, women. 00:07:34
They are the ones who play a vital role in society and who all too often suffer discrimination. 00:07:40
The vicious circle of poverty cannot be broken without promoting equal opportunities. 00:07:46
In the past, I used to live poorly and suffered from a lot of problems. 00:07:53
I used to have fakes, loved from all sides, but now I say those things. 00:07:57
In fact, I ran away. 00:08:07
Women have been marginalized a lot up until now. 00:08:14
In addition, they have little financial resources. 00:08:20
They have a lot of domestic work, 00:08:29
which does not give them enough time to do generating activities. 00:08:34
Although 10% of the world population lives in the less advanced countries, 00:08:51
those countries account for barely half a percent of world trade. 00:08:57
Yet trade generates resources and is one of the means of achieving sustainable development. 00:09:01
The European Union is a significant potential market for the less advanced countries. 00:09:06
Yet they still have a trade deficit with respect to Europe. 00:09:11
As part of the Cotonou Agreement, important reforms were made to the system of trade 00:09:15
in order to help the developing countries to integrate into the world economy. 00:09:20
These reforms were accompanied by measures intended to help the states to define policies 00:09:24
to encourage trade, investment and the development of the private sector, 00:09:29
as well as to improve human resources and access to new technology. 00:09:33
We currently have five flights a week of 40 tons each. 00:09:38
That roughly gives something like just slightly over 200 tons of exports for fresh produce to Europe every week. 00:09:45
On an annual basis, the industry exports around 8,500 tons of fresh flowers and vegetables. 00:09:54
That figure can be divided into 50-50 between flowers and fresh vegetables. 00:10:05
Given the level of productivity in this country, 00:10:14
we still have room to think that with the improvement of quality, 00:10:18
there is a possibility to advance even on the international market, 00:10:23
where more and more varnish is being developed. 00:10:27
This year, the Everything Except Arms initiative came about at the instigation of the European Commission. 00:10:30
It gives exports from less advanced countries, except of course arms and munitions, 00:10:41
completely free access to the European market. 00:10:46
The European Union is also actively involved in reopening World Trade Organization, WTO, negotiations 00:10:49
and ensuring that the interests of developing countries are taken into account. 00:10:57
It also supports regional trade partnerships in furthering multilateral trade 00:11:01
and establishing the position of the poorest countries within the WTO. 00:11:06
Lack of transparency and poverty make an explosive cocktail 00:11:21
that may be at the root of conflicts in the less advanced countries. 00:11:25
Peace, stability and good governance are therefore vital conditions for eradicating poverty. 00:11:28
European development policy supports transparency 00:11:34
and the strengthening of the state's ability to manage public matters. 00:11:37
From this point of view, the involvement of society can be an asset. 00:11:41
Organized and structured, it is asked to play a decisive role in development. 00:11:45
It is important that people are involved, that people take charge of the management, 00:11:55
that people ask fundamental questions, 00:11:59
even if in terms of technique we can always rely on qualified personnel. 00:12:02
We think now that we have already committed to the disengagement of any execution 00:12:06
and to do only the comparison. 00:12:12
That is to say, we have had today, with the support of the European Union, 00:12:14
to focus mainly on those who could support the support and training of the community. 00:12:20
I am a farmer, a member of the cooperative Sainte-Hélène-de-Carris, COSAEC, 00:12:29
and I am an animator in community development. 00:12:34
That is to say, we work in the community with all the groups of farmers, 00:12:38
the basic organizations, the institutions. 00:12:46
We work in the training to help them understand their projects, to train them. 00:12:49
Conflict prevention and peace consolidation now form an integral part of development strategies. 00:12:57
Europe can also offer its mediation services, 00:13:03
as it did recently in the Lusaka peace process, 00:13:06
or in resolving the conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea. 00:13:09
Most of the poorest countries are also being crushed by unbearable foreign debt. 00:13:14
The European Union supports the easing of that debt 00:13:19
through the initiative launched by the IMF and the World Bank 00:13:22
for the most heavily indebted countries. 00:13:25
We all live on this planet, and we all contribute to this planet. 00:13:29
Obviously, if we want to protect it, if we want to continue to have a decent quality of life, 00:13:34
we would need to ensure that the quality of life in the North and in the South is the same. 00:13:41
More or less equal. 00:13:50
Often underestimated, the quality of the environment has a direct impact 00:13:52
on the lives of people in the less advanced countries. 00:13:56
These people depend on natural resources, which provide them with food, energy and income. 00:13:59
We have a lot of problems. 00:14:23
We have a lot of problems. 00:14:26
We have a lot of problems. 00:14:28
We have a lot of problems. 00:14:31
We have a lot of problems. 00:14:33
We have a lot of problems. 00:14:35
Sustainable environmental management is a crucial issue for the less advanced countries. 00:14:39
Their population also has the skills and desire to protect the countryside around it 00:14:44
by fighting desertification, encouraging planting and reforestation, 00:14:49
organizing irrigation and protecting biodiversity. 00:14:53
Nigeria is a Sahelian country, a large majority, 00:15:02
and a country that is threatened by the desert. 00:15:06
We have said that in the fight against the desert, 00:15:12
it is very useful to adopt this wood-building technique 00:15:18
that reduces the extraction of plant cover. 00:15:25
Environmental aspects now form an integral part of European development policy 00:15:34
for sustainable and integrated development. 00:15:39
The economies of less developed countries are dependent on transport. 00:15:52
The lack of inefficiency of transport fragments the market, 00:15:56
marginalizes landlocked regions, impedes exports and trade, 00:16:00
discourages foreign investment and restricts the mobility of workers, goods and services. 00:16:04
Often, the development of a country is heavily dependent 00:16:09
on a suitable or well-maintained transport system. 00:16:12
I am a merchant. 00:16:19
I travel 60 kilometers a day. 00:16:22
I travel three hours a day. 00:16:27
I travel three hours a day. 00:16:30
I travel three hours a day. 00:16:32
I travel three hours a day. 00:16:35
I travel three hours a day. 00:16:38
I travel three hours a day. 00:16:41
I travel three hours a day. 00:16:44
I travel three hours a day. 00:16:47
Through its cooperation, the European Union is paying particular attention 00:16:52
to supporting the creation and maintenance of sustainable transport systems. 00:16:56
It has made this one of its cooperation priorities. 00:17:00
In order to take into account all the socio-economic needs of the less advanced countries, 00:17:03
it encourages integrated transport strategies at national level, 00:17:08
encompassing road and rail, air and waterways. 00:17:12
The United Nations have set themselves the objective of reducing by half 00:17:24
the number of people living below the poverty line by 2015, 00:17:28
an objective also pursued by the European Union. 00:17:32
In order to achieve this aim, a vast amount of work has to be done. 00:17:35
Only a firm partnership between the less advanced countries and the backers 00:17:40
will make it possible to devise coherent collaboration mechanisms 00:17:44
and to establish closer international cooperation 00:17:48
designed to speed up the development of the less advanced countries. 00:17:51
For more UN videos visit www.un.org 00:17:55
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Idioma/s:
en
Niveles educativos:
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      • Nivel Intermedio
Autor/es:
The European Union
Subido por:
EducaMadrid
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
799
Fecha:
29 de junio de 2007 - 14:10
Visibilidad:
Público
Enlace Relacionado:
European Commission
Duración:
18′ 19″
Relación de aspecto:
4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
Resolución:
320x240 píxeles
Tamaño:
74.85 MBytes

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