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Oil Exploration and Production
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Seventh segment of the Ocean Odyssey describes how drilling companies produce and look for oil.
Hi, Mr. Wells. I'm Jacob.
00:00:00
Hello, Jacob.
00:00:04
Can you tell me more about offshore oil exploration and production?
00:00:05
Sure. This is the perfect spot.
00:00:09
We are standing on the drill floor of the Ocean Star.
00:00:11
Wow. This looks very interesting.
00:00:14
What's the tower for?
00:00:17
It's called a derrick.
00:00:19
It has a pulley system for raising and lowering lengths of casing and drill pipe.
00:00:21
Casings?
00:00:25
Yes. Casing is steel pipe that forms the wall of the wellbore to ensure the stability of the well we've drilled.
00:00:26
What happens next?
00:00:32
Next, a drill bit is attached to the drill pipe, and the whole assembly rotates like a hand drill to cut the hole.
00:00:33
I read about drill bits. They can cut through rock.
00:00:39
That's right. Actually, they're specifically designed to just do that.
00:00:41
As we rotate the drill pipe and the drill bit, it cuts up the rock,
00:00:44
and we pump mud down the drill pipe to help bring the cuttings back to surface.
00:00:47
Mud? You mean like water and dirt?
00:00:51
Well, not exactly.
00:00:54
This is a specialized drilling fluid we use to help cool the bit and bring the cuttings back to the surface.
00:00:55
Do you always find oil when you drill?
00:01:00
Unfortunately, not always.
00:01:02
But through new technology, NASA satellite imaging, and seismic techniques,
00:01:04
we've actually greatly increased our chances of finding oil.
00:01:08
Once you find oil, how do you get it out of the ground?
00:01:11
After removing the drill pipe and bit, production tubing is put into the wellbore.
00:01:14
Then a perforating gun is used to make holes through the cement and casing so the oil can flow into the well.
00:01:18
We're looking for a source of oil pollution in the ocean.
00:01:23
Are there offshore oil rigs on the east coast of the United States?
00:01:25
Actually, there aren't any. Most of them are in the Gulf of Mexico.
00:01:28
Did you know on a worldwide basis, less than 3% of the oil pollution comes from offshore exploration and production operations?
00:01:32
In fact, the ones that I've been involved in, it's little if any.
00:01:40
Wow, that's not very much. Where does most of the oil pollution come from?
00:01:43
Actually, in North American waters, greater than 60% comes from natural seepage.
00:01:47
You mean it just bubbles up from the floor of the ocean?
00:01:51
That's right. Once the oil moves up through the earth to the ocean floor, it just rises to the surface.
00:01:53
Because oil is less dense than water.
00:01:58
Very good. And the Gulf of Mexico is one of the largest natural sources of oil seepage in North America.
00:02:00
It sounds like we need to learn more about oil seepage.
00:02:06
That's a good idea. A marine geologist can help you learn more about the geology and topography of the ocean floor.
00:02:09
Thanks, Mr. Wells.
00:02:14
You're welcome.
00:02:15
While you're here, let me show you more of the drilling rig.
00:02:16
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- Idioma/s:
- Niveles educativos:
- ▼ Mostrar / ocultar niveles
- Nivel Intermedio
- Autor/es:
- NASA LaRC Office of Education
- Subido por:
- EducaMadrid
- Licencia:
- Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
- Visualizaciones:
- 715
- Fecha:
- 28 de mayo de 2007 - 15:34
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Enlace Relacionado:
- NASAs center for distance learning
- Duración:
- 02′ 20″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
- Resolución:
- 480x360 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 14.18 MBytes