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4. The Repopulation - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 8 de mayo de 2023 por Luis H.

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As I said before, we were explaining today the repopulation of the conquered territory and the repopulation began in the 8th century. 00:00:00
We explained that when the Christian kingdoms from the Cantabrian range conquered territories against Muslims in two important rivers. 00:00:10
rivers. What rivers? The river Duero and also in the river Ebro. So when the Christians 00:00:22
conquered the territories from Galicia, from the Cantabrian range up to the river Duero 00:00:33
and also when the Christians conquered the territories from the Pyrenees up to the river 00:00:40
where Ebro, they settled new population there. 00:00:46
They settled new population there in complete freedom. 00:00:51
In complete freedom. 00:00:57
They got the lands in complete freedom. 00:00:59
And this form of repopulation was called? 00:01:03
Presura. 00:01:07
Presura, exactly. 00:01:08
This form of repopulation was called presura, exactly. 00:01:09
exactly and the new population the new christian population had complete freedom they had their 00:01:14
lands their plots of land were thus in complete freedom do you remember why did kings christian 00:01:20
kings give this land in complete freedom to the christians the settlers to the peasants 00:01:29
Why did the Christian kings give this land to the peasants in complete freedom? 00:01:37
Because it was the border to the Muslim territories and it was like to defend the king's part. 00:01:44
Exactly, because it was the border between Christians and Muslims and it was very dangerous to live there. 00:01:54
So Christian kings used them, this new population, as a shield, a scudo, as a shield to defend the territories. 00:02:02
I'm going to write it down for you. 00:02:12
They used them as a shield, a scudo, to defend the Christian territories. 00:02:17
Exactly. 00:02:24
So today, class, we are going to study new forms of repopulation because the presura was from the 8th century to the 10th century, and we have seen that before. 00:02:24
So today we are going to explain new forms of repopulation from the 11th century up to the 13th century, where the kings had more power, where the kings controlled this form of repopulation. 00:02:37
In the previous lesson, we have seen that the king gave the land in complete freedom 00:02:54
and today we are going to study other forms of repopulation from the 11th to the 13th century 00:03:00
where the kings had more power and they controlled the whole process, okay? 00:03:08
Ready to start? Yes, great. So we are going to study other repopulation systems 00:03:17
And the first repopulation system that we are going to study was the council repopulation. 00:03:26
The council repopulation, the council repopulation class, we are here, the council repopulation 00:03:36
was from the 11th up to the 12th century. 00:03:43
In Spanish it's called repoblación concejil, but in English it's called repopulation council. 00:03:48
And the Repopulation Council began from the 11th up to the 12th century. 00:03:56
So I'm going to explain now this way of repopulation. 00:04:03
In this way of repopulation, the Christian kings conquered this territory from the Duero 00:04:07
River up to the Tahoe River. 00:04:18
this way of repopulation kings conquered the territory from the duero river up to the tahoe 00:04:22
river and also from the euro river up to the tahoe river can you repeat please yes in this 00:04:30
way of repopulation christian kings conquered the territory from the duero river up to the tahoe 00:04:38
River and also from the Ebro River up to the Tahoe and it's called the 00:04:47
council repopulation and in this way of repopulation Christian kings control the 00:04:56
whole territory they control the whole territory but they found it as well as 00:05:04
that they founded new cities, new cities or new concejos. We are here. So in this way 00:05:13
of repopulation, Christian kings controlled the whole territory and they created new cities, 00:05:22
new concejos. Cities and concejos means the same, okay? Christian kings founded new cities, 00:05:30
new councils, such as Coimbra, Salamanca, Avila, Segovia, Toledo, Zaragoza. There were 00:05:41
new councils. Here I'm going to show you some examples, the city of Segovia with walls, 00:05:52
with the Christian cathedral, with the castle, with the Christian castle. Also we have here 00:06:01
the city of Ávila with walls, the city of Ávila with walls, the city of Salamanca also 00:06:07
with walls, with the Christian cathedral, and in these new cities, in these new concejos, 00:06:16
the king divided the territory, he divided the concejos into two parts. 00:06:24
So we are here, I'm going to copy this slide for you here to clarify exactly. 00:06:34
So as I said before, the Christian kings divided these concejos, these new cities, into two 00:06:45
different parts. 00:06:52
One part was the villa and the other part was the alfoz. 00:06:54
So I'm going to explain here, the king divided the cities into two different parts. 00:07:00
One part was the villa surrounded by walls with the castle and with the cathedral. 00:07:06
Most of the people, the vast majority of the Christian people were living here in the villa 00:07:16
and they had to pay taxes to the king in order to live here. 00:07:23
And the other part was the alfod. The alfod was the municipal area, the countryside. 00:07:28
And if you were living here, you didn't have to pay taxes, okay? But the vast majority 00:07:37
of the people were living here because you had more security. Remember that at that time 00:07:45
Christian people had several fights against Muslims and the vast majority of the people 00:07:52
would prefer to live here, inside the walls of the villa. 00:07:59
And in this way of repopulation, the Christian king divided the territory into two different 00:08:08
parts and the Christian king gave a charter to the king. 00:08:15
The Christian king gave a charter, una carta, the Christian king gave a charter to the concejo. 00:08:21
So when the Christian king divided the territory into two different parts, as well as that, 00:08:30
the Christian king gave a charter to the concejo, to the city. 00:08:36
And this charter, esta carta, this charter, contains the following. 00:08:43
The rights for the citizens, this is one example of charter, the charter of Ciudad Real. 00:08:52
We have several examples in our archives, archivos. 00:08:59
We have several examples in our archives of charter from that age and in this charter 00:09:04
The Christian king gave a charter to the concejo, to the city, which contains the following. 00:09:12
It contains the rights for the citizens, you read the charter, you're going to read the 00:09:21
rights for the citizens, the privilege for the citizens, for example, the amount of taxes 00:09:27
that they have to pay the amount of taxes that they have to pay the day in which they should 00:09:35
celebrate or hold the market you know that in spain some villages organized the market in some 00:09:45
special days this this way of organizing the markets came from the middle ages from the 00:09:54
medieval time some villages organized their markets on Monday others on Sunday 00:10:04
this way of behaving came from the Middle Ages from the medieval time and 00:10:11
it was written it was written in the charter of the city okay so we are about 00:10:18
to finish in this way of repopulation as I said before the king divided the city 00:10:27
into two different parts he gave a charter the king gave a charter to the 00:10:32
city and in exchange for that what happened for the what happened with the 00:10:38
settlers what happened with the colonels what happened with the settlers with the 00:10:44
settlers in exchange for that the settlers received two important things 00:10:50
they receive a house and a plot of land in exchange for this charter in exchange 00:10:57
for this letter settlers colonos settlers colonos in Spanish colonos 00:11:04
receive a house to live they receive a house to live and a plot of land now 00:11:13
huerta, to feed themselves, para alimentarse, to feed themselves, okay? So this is the most 00:11:20
important way of repopulation, this is the most important way of repopulation, as I said before, 00:11:29
from the 11th century up to the 12th century. Now, class, we are going to travel to another 00:11:35
way of repopulation. It was the repopulation of the ordines militares, the military orders. 00:11:44
Luis, can you repeat what was the villa? 00:11:52
The villa was the city. It was the city surrounded by walls. Here we have the villa, the villa of 00:11:59
Segovia, and it was the city surrounded by walls with the market, with the traders, with the 00:12:05
with the Catholic cathedral, with the Catholic castle. 00:12:12
Okay, Janmin? 00:12:16
And the alfot? 00:12:18
Sorry? 00:12:20
The alfot was the countryside, the municipal area. 00:12:22
It was the place where the peasants produced the meat, 00:12:26
the food for the villa, basically. 00:12:31
And in the alfot, it was true that they didn't pay taxes, 00:12:35
But the vast majority of the people would prefer to live in the villa paying taxes in order to defend their lives against Muslims because they had a huge conflict against Muslims. 00:12:39
Why did all these cities have walls? Salamanca, Ávila, Segovia? Why? What do you think? 00:12:52
because they defend themselves against against Muslims exactly also the city of 00:13:04
Madrid was founded at that time and in Madrid we have medieval walls because we 00:13:13
defend ourselves from the Muslims exactly so we are going to see now the 00:13:18
other way of repopulation the repopulation of the military orders the 00:13:26
The repopulation of the military orders happened when the Christians conquered the territories 00:13:31
from the river Tegus, Tajo, up to the river Guadalquivir, up to the Guadalquivir River. 00:13:40
So it happened when the Christians conquered the cities of Cuenca, Ciudad Real, Córdoba, 00:13:49
Merida, Cáceres, Lisboa, and at that moment it happened this way of repopulation in the 00:13:56
first half of the 13th century. 00:14:04
We are here in the first half of the 13th century, siglo XIII, primera mitad. 00:14:07
It happened in the first half of the 13th century, this way of repopulation, and at 00:14:13
At that time, when the Christian kings conquered the territories from the Tahoe River up to 00:14:22
the Guadalquivir River, at that time, they didn't have enough population. 00:14:27
They didn't have enough population to settle the population here, to send the population 00:14:34
here. 00:14:41
And for this reason, Christian kings gave the land to the military orders. 00:14:42
Who were the military orders? They were warrior monks, monjes guerreros, they were warrior 00:14:50
monks who got this land, this extensive proportion of land, and this extensive proportion of 00:14:57
land was called maestrasgos, so the military orders received this extensive proportion 00:15:10
of land which were called maestrasgos, and in exchange for that, all of these warrior 00:15:20
monks had to defend the land, had to defend the land against Muslims. 00:15:28
Because Muslims, when the Christian kings were here, when the warrior monks in the military 00:15:38
orders were here, Muslims were living on the southern part of the Iberian Peninsula. 00:15:44
So the Christian kings gave this land to the military orders, this extensive land to the 00:15:51
military orders, but in exchange for that, we are here, they had to defend the land. 00:15:57
they had to defend their land. 00:16:06
Okay? 00:16:10
So we have seen the second way of repopulation 00:16:13
and we are going to finish the class 00:16:16
with the third way of repopulation. 00:16:19
We are going to see now, repartimientos. 00:16:23
Luis, one thing. 00:16:26
Yes, for me. 00:16:28
It happens when Christians conquered from the river 00:16:31
from the river taco up to the guadalquivir valley up to the guadalquivir river 00:16:36
okay thank you and now we are going to see the final one repartimientos 00:16:44
so this way of repopulation happened when the christian kings conquered the last part of the 00:16:52
Iberian Peninsula, from the Guadalquivir Valley, from the Guadalquivir River up to the coast. 00:16:59
It happened when they conquered all of these territories, Valencia, Murcia, Jaén and Seville. 00:17:11
So again, repartimientos began in the second half of the 13th century, repartimientos began 00:17:22
in the second half, started in the second half of the 13th century, when the Christian 00:17:31
kings conquered the Guadalquivir Valley. 00:17:37
They conquered the Guadalquivir Valley, so they conquered the area of, and also the area 00:17:42
of the Turia-Júcar. They conquered Valencia, Murcia, Jaén and Seville. And they carried 00:17:47
out this way of repopulation, which was called repartimientos. Repartimientos was different 00:17:55
from other ways of repopulation. Repartimientos was different from other ways of repopulation. 00:18:05
Why? Because the Christian king, Christian kings at that time gave this land according to your participation, according to your participation. 00:18:15
I mean, if you were more involved, if you were at that time a noble, and if you were more involved than others, if you put more money to conquer more territories, you will get more land. 00:18:28
So again, in repartimientos, the king distributed, gave the land according to your participation. 00:18:45
If you were more involved, you will get more land. 00:18:55
If you were a noble at that time and you put more money, more soldiers, more raw materials, you will get more land. 00:19:00
So, at that time, in repartimientos, the more soldiers, the more money, the more land you will get. 00:19:13
So, Christian kings needed nobles to conquer these territories. 00:19:24
Christian kings needed knights, caballeros and nobles to conquer this land, the Guadalquivir Valley. 00:19:30
And the Christian kings gave the land according to your participation. 00:19:40
If you were more involved, you got more land. 00:19:47
So what was the result of that? 00:19:53
Obviously, nobles got big proportion of land. 00:19:57
They got big proportion of land. 00:20:03
land, they got latifundia, big proportion of land and however by contrast 00:20:05
commoners only got plots of land, they got only huertas, plots of land. So 00:20:14
that's why in Spain we have in the south big proportion of land which were called 00:20:25
Latifundia and only just a few owners just a few owners were the owners of 00:20:31
this land and we have also in Spain we have huge contrast because we have big 00:20:41
proportion of land which are called Latifundia and we have also small plots 00:20:49
of land on the southern part of the Iberian Peninsula which are called huertas, 00:20:55
plots of land huertas. So what do you think about this way of sharing the land? 00:21:01
Because nobles got a big proportion of land and commoners, common people like 00:21:08
you and me, got only plots of land and the differences between the society, 00:21:15
among the society were huge for this reason because rich people got plenty of 00:21:21
land and poor people, commoners, got only just a few plots of land. And we are going 00:21:28
to finish with the Muslims. What happened with the Muslims who were living here in 00:21:38
Malaga, Granada and Almería? Because Muslims remember when they were defeated 00:21:42
in the battle of Navas de Tolosa in 1212 they were driven to the south they were driven 00:21:49
to the south to the nazi kingdom and when finally they were conquered they were finally conquered 00:21:59
in 1492 when the catholic kings when the catholic kings isabella 00:22:10
from Castile and Ferdinand from Aragon came to conquer the Nasrid Kingdom. 00:22:19
They conquered the Nasrid Kingdom, the city of Granada, in 1492. 00:22:30
They conquered Alhambra and they expelled the Muslims from there. 00:22:36
They were driven to North Africa. Some of them remained in the Iberian Peninsula 00:22:41
and they became mudéjares. We are going to study this in the following class. 00:22:46
But others were driven, they were expelled to North Africa. So what happened with the Muslims? 00:22:52
If they surrendered, they might live in the suburbs, in the countryside, 00:23:00
but if they were if they resisted if they resisted against Christian Kings against the Christian 00:23:13
Kings if they resisted against the Christian Kings they were expelled so they had two options if they 00:23:25
surrendered they might live in the territories of the Iberian Peninsula actually some of them 00:23:35
remain in the Iberian Peninsula up to this year, up to 1609, and they became 00:23:44
Mudéjares. We are going to see this in the following class. But if they resisted, 00:23:52
they were expelled. They were driven to North Africa. Okay, questions up to here? 00:23:59
Autor/es:
Luis Horrillo Sánchez
Subido por:
Luis H.
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Fecha:
8 de mayo de 2023 - 19:41
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