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Revision Biology 5 - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 3 de mayo de 2020 por Isabel María M.

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Good morning boys and girls, how are you? 00:00:02
Today in this video I'm going to make a review of all the units we have been learning during the course about biology, about the living things. 00:00:04
There are three units we have done during the course since September where we have been studying about living things. 00:00:16
I'm going to start with unit 1 which was the organization of living things. 00:00:23
Do you remember? And the three most important things that you need to remember in this unit, 00:00:28
in unit one, are what is a living thing. The living things are made of cells and the cells 00:00:34
create different types of tissues, organs, the organization. We're going to review it 00:00:42
first now. And the basic functions that all living things perform. So we're going to start. 00:00:47
But what is a living thing? Do you remember what's the difference between an animal, for example, in a car? A living thing, you can recognize a living thing because a living thing is born, a living thing is born, it grows, it reproduces, and it dies. 00:00:54
These are the four things a living thing can do and a non-living thing cannot do. 00:01:22
This is very important. All living things have been born, all living things grow. 00:01:30
Even if they are tiny or very small, they also grow a little. 00:01:35
All living things can reproduce and all living things in the end die. 00:01:39
Because dying is a part of living, it's the last part of living. 00:01:43
This is important, I think you know it. 00:01:47
and then let's go with these living things are made of cells do you remember 00:01:50
that a cell is the basic unit of life okay is the minimum unit which is alive 00:01:55
in a living thing do you remember that living things can be made of only one 00:02:02
cell then we have a unicellular organism living things can be made of more than 00:02:06
one cell okay a lot of cells these are the multicellular organisms okay this is 00:02:17
important and it's also important to know that in multicellular organisms a 00:02:27
cell there are many different types of cells so you remember the nerve cells 00:02:32
the blood cells but no we're not going to concentrate on this now I just want 00:02:36
to remember that cells of the same type come together and together they form tissues, ok? 00:02:41
So cells, I'm going to change the color so that you can see it better, cells form tissues, 00:02:51
tissues together form different types of organs, and organs form systems, okay? 00:03:01
Do you remember the example? For example, a nerve cell, a nerve cell together, lots 00:03:14
of nerve cells together, can form the brain tissue. The brain tissue forms the 00:03:23
organ which is the brain. And the brain together with the nerves and other 00:03:29
organs form our nervous system that help us with the interaction functions. 00:03:36
So this is one example. This is important that cells make tissues, tissues 00:03:43
make organs and organs make systems. And then the other important thing 00:03:49
about the organization of living things are the basic functions of living 00:03:55
things, okay? In order to perform these, to grow, to reproduce, living things need to do the three 00:03:59
basic functions that all living things do, which are nutrition, reproduction, and, you know, 00:04:07
interaction, okay? These things, all living things perform these different functions, okay? 00:04:22
and that's it let's it's important to remember that all the systems in our 00:04:35
body and in the body of all the different animals and plants and they 00:04:40
each system is used to perform a different function okay do you remember 00:04:45
for nutrition humans we have a lot of different systems like for example the 00:04:48
digestive system the respiratory system because remember that nutrition also 00:04:53
means to take in the oxygen that our cells need. Respiratory, the circulatory system, 00:05:00
the excretory system, these systems are used to perform the function of nutrition. To perform 00:05:09
the function of reproduction, it's easy, the reproductive system, the female and the male 00:05:15
reproductive system in humans, and for interaction, which is to interact with the rest of the 00:05:20
environment and with the rest of the living things around us we use the nervous system 00:05:27
we use the locomotive system which are the bones and the muscles okay if we don't have a skeleton 00:05:32
and muscles we couldn't move so it's important for our interaction too okay the skeleton the muscles 00:05:39
and also the senses okay the organs for the senses the eyes the ears which are connected to the brain 00:05:47
so they are also part of the nervous system in a way okay so this is important thing about the 00:05:55
unit one you're going to do an activity today about it okay let's go to unit two which was 00:06:00
about the classification of living things here it is yes okay classification of living things 00:06:06
do you remember that all living things you know now what living things are all living things which 00:06:14
perform these three different functions of interaction, nutrition, and reproduction, 00:06:20
they can be divided into five different big groups, which are called kingdoms. These kingdoms 00:06:26
are the monera, the protoctista, the fungi, the plants, and the animals. Let's review 00:06:33
them for a little while. What do you remember about the monera? The monera was a group of 00:06:41
living things, a kingdom of living things, where all the living things are unicellular. 00:06:48
An example of monera are the bacteria. Remember that the virus, which is so in fashion nowadays, 00:06:56
viruses are not considered a real living thing, because they need to be in another living 00:07:07
thing to perform their functions like and I don't know if they do nutrition 00:07:15
but to reproduce they need to be inside of another living thing okay when they 00:07:20
are alone in the air they are not alive so they are not considered a living 00:07:24
thing per se like in in these groups so monera yes monera are living things we 00:07:29
have the bacteria as the most important example protoc-tista this is difficult 00:07:34
this kingdom is difficult because some of them are unicellular some of them are 00:07:39
not and we can have two types of protoctista if you remember we had the algae algae i think it's 00:07:42
pronounced and the protozoa do you remember i told you protozoa means old animal or the 00:07:52
first animals protozoa are unicellular do you remember the amoeba and the paramecium which 00:08:01
were like this they are unicellular with cilia do you remember this okay just for you to remember 00:08:09
that these tiny living things are protoctista and the algae which look like plants why are they not 00:08:16
plants because they don't reproduce with seeds okay and some of them don't perform the photosynthesis 00:08:24
but they look like plants okay and the fungi what do you remember about the fungi 00:08:31
There were also two main types of fungi that we have studied, which are the mushrooms. 00:08:35
The mushrooms are multicellular, and we see the mushrooms. 00:08:42
These are the reproductive organs of mushrooms. Really, the mushrooms are here, with hyphae. 00:08:50
I don't know how they pronounce this. 00:08:57
And we also had the yeast. Do you remember the experiment we did with my friend Maria? 00:09:01
With yeast, la levadura. 00:09:09
Yeast is a kind of fungi. It's another kind of liver. 00:09:12
And now let's go with plants and animals, which are the most important ones. 00:09:17
Both of them are multicellular. 00:09:21
Always, all the animals and all the plants are multicellular. 00:09:28
In fungi and protoctista, they can be multicellular or unicellular. 00:09:31
Okay, so in plants, what do you remember about plants? 00:09:35
Plants cannot move, but they produce their own food. 00:09:38
This is very important. 00:09:43
Produce their own food in a process we call, how do we call it? 00:09:44
I think you know it. 00:09:54
Photosynthesis. 00:09:56
They need other things, of course. 00:09:58
they don't make magically their food, they need the sunlight, they need water, minerals, 00:10:02
but these things they need are not living things, that's why they are producers. 00:10:08
So important things you need to know about the classification of plants. 00:10:14
We have studied two types of plants, the non-seed plants and the seed plants. 00:10:17
plants reproduce by seeds, as the name says, and in seed plants we have two different types 00:10:30
which have strange names. Do you remember the gymnosperm and the angiosperm? Gymnosperms, 00:10:38
which means semilla desnuda, do you remember? Gymnosperms are like the pines, the pine cones, 00:10:50
the seed grows in a pine, you can see the seed, and the angiosperm, the seeds grow inside a fruit. 00:10:58
And they also used to have beautiful big flowers. 00:11:08
Gymnosperms also have flowers, but they are very tiny. 00:11:13
Gymnosperms and angiosperms. 00:11:16
What about the non-seed plants? 00:11:19
They don't reproduce by seeds. 00:11:20
They reproduce by spores. 00:11:22
And there are two important types, which are the fern. 00:11:24
Eletros, sorry, it's with an N. 00:11:30
Fern. 00:11:32
Do you remember that? 00:11:33
I think it was Elsa. 00:11:35
brought us a leaf of fern, which looks like this, and on a part of a leaf we can see the 00:11:38
tiny spores, ok? They used to reproduce. We have the fern and the mosses, el musgo. Do 00:11:47
you remember? Mosses also don't have seeds, they have spores that grow in tiny capsules, 00:11:55
ok? Just for you to remember. Ok, now let's go with the animals! In animals 00:12:01
we have two types. Do you remember which are they? We have the invertebrates. They don't 00:12:08
have a backbone. And we have six types of invertebrates. We have the porifera, which 00:12:19
are the sponges. Very simple animals. You have an outline of this in your notebooks. 00:12:31
can have a look at it. And we have the porifera, we have the echinoderm, for 00:12:38
example the starfish. They don't have bones, but they have a very hard shell on 00:12:47
the outside. Then we have the mollusks. 00:12:54
We have three types of mollusks, but I'm not going to tell them here because I 00:13:03
have space. They have the gastropods, the bivalves and the cephalopods. They have a shell. For example, 00:13:07
the snail has a shell here. The squid, el calamar, also has a shell on the inside. And the 00:13:14
clams, for example, las almejas, which have two shells. Okay, they are mollusks. 00:13:26
We have the cnidarians, for example the jellyfish and the coral was also cnidarian. 00:13:32
We have the annelids, annelids which look like this. They don't have any legs or 00:13:45
any parts of the body, any covering. The annelids. And the most common one, the 00:14:03
one that we see everywhere which are the arthropods. Remember there are four types 00:14:08
of arthropods, I'm not going to write them, but all the arthropods have the 00:14:16
body segmented in some parts, for example insects have three parts, the head, the 00:14:20
thorax and the abdomen. We have the arachnids with two parts, the 00:14:27
crustaceans with two parts as well and the myriapods with a lot of different 00:14:34
parts. Some of them have antennae, and they also have legs, articulated legs. You remember 00:14:38
the insects have six legs, the arachnids have eight, the crustaceans have ten, and the myriapods 00:14:46
a lot of them, okay? The arthropods. And they have their body covered with an exoskeleton, 00:14:54
a hard shell. It's not really a shell, it looks like a very hard skin, okay? The arthropods. 00:14:59
of them are the invertebrates. And the vertebrates, which are the easiest ones, I think, are the 00:15:05
fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Do you remember the fish who have scales and 00:15:11
gills to breathe under the water. The amphibians, which look first like fish, like tiny fish, 00:15:37
and then they have a metamorphosis and they develop the legs and the lungs to breathe 00:15:45
the air. The reptiles, which have scales, but they also have legs, except the snake. 00:15:53
They have snails and they have lungs. 00:16:01
They breathe on the air. 00:16:04
And the birds, which have beak, feathers, wings. 00:16:08
Some of them can fly. 00:16:13
Many of them can fly, but some of them can't. 00:16:14
Two legs, beaks and feathers. 00:16:16
And mammals have their body covered in fur. 00:16:19
I don't know which type of animal is this. 00:16:22
It looks like a sheep. 00:16:26
the body covered in fur and they are viviparous. They are the only animals that are viviparous. 00:16:30
All the rest of the animals are oviparous. They are born with eggs. They are born in 00:16:38
eggs. With some exceptions here which are not viviparous or oviparous. They reproduce 00:16:44
by dividing or some of them also spores. But most of the animals are oviparous. They reproduce 00:16:51
laying eggs. Okay? Do you remember this? So we will work on it tomorrow on Tuesday. 00:16:58
Okay? Now let's go for the last unit we learned about 11 things which are the 00:17:05
ecosystems. Ecosystems. What do you remember about ecosystems? We learned them 00:17:12
in the beginning of the year, in January. Okay? We have ecosystems are made of what 00:17:19
What two things are they made of? They are made of the biotope and the biostenosis. 00:17:27
The biotope is the physical environment, all the non-living things, the water, the rocks, also the temperature, the weather... 00:17:45
they also inflate the ecosystem. And the biocenotes are the living things, all the living 00:18:04
things that live in an ecosystem. They can be animals, plants, monera, insects, whatever. 00:18:12
All these living things in an environment have a relationship, they are related together. 00:18:23
And one of the most important relationships they have is the trophic relationship. Do you remember trophic means eating? And we have like a chain. Do you remember this chain I drew a lot of times? 00:18:30
We have the plants, which are called the producers, because as we said, as I told you in the other slide, they make their own food without the need of any other animal, any other living thing. 00:18:45
they just make their own food with the sun. They are the producers. The animals 00:19:06
that eat the producers, which are herbivores, for example the rabbit, they 00:19:11
are called primary consumers. Primary consumers, okay? They are herbivores. The 00:19:18
The animals that eat the primary consumers, for example let's draw a fox, they are carnivores 00:19:32
or sometimes they are omnivores, they are called the secondary consumers. 00:19:43
And then we have the animals that eat the secondary consumers. 00:19:55
What can eat a fox, I don't know, a bear, maybe a bear, a wild bear, with four legs 00:19:59
please not five. 00:20:15
A bear eats the fox, so it's a tertiary consumer, but when all these animals and plants die, 00:20:16
the remains of the animals are eaten by, do you remember, this important tiny bacteria 00:20:30
and fungi, they are called the decomposers, decomposers. 00:20:38
They are very important in an ecosystem, okay? 00:20:50
Because they decompose the decaying matter 00:20:53
of all the animals and plants when they die, okay? 00:20:56
Now let's go for the types of ecosystems. 00:21:01
You did a beautiful work on the types of ecosystems. 00:21:03
There are many types of ecosystems, and in each different ecosystem, different living things can live. 00:21:06
Do you remember? We have the ocean, we have the desert, we have the Mediterranean forest, the forest, or the temperate forest. 00:21:13
We have the rainforest, la selva, which is in humid equatorial ecosystems, a tropical rainforest. 00:21:25
We have the prairie, we have coastal ecosystems, we have a lot of different ecosystems. 00:21:38
Ah, ok, you remember the poles. Polar ecosystems. 00:21:50
Ok, in each of these ecosystems we have a different biotope and a different biocenosis. 00:21:57
Ok, and then the changes to ecosystems. 00:22:04
Do you remember there were two types of changes to ecosystems? 00:22:07
We have the natural changes and the artificial changes. 00:22:10
The natural changes can be due to climate change, can be due to fires that might happen, for example from a lightning, or from special weather conditions, or from earthquakes, terremotos. 00:22:16
Then ecosystems change, but it's a natural process. 00:22:37
And then we have the artificial changes. Do you remember when people do something to ecosystems and they change? We can have these artificial changes to ecosystems. 00:22:44
For example, do you remember deforestation? When people take too many trees. We also have the forest fires that some people make when they forget to light, to put off the fire for barbecue. 00:22:57
we have different types, and of course the pollution, when we throw a lot of 00:23:17
garbage in the forest or contaminating products from factories, we can have 00:23:25
pollution in rivers, in forests, so all these changes are very bad for the 00:23:32
ecosystems. Many living things can die and the ecosystems of course change. 00:23:37
so this is a review of everything we have learned from September to January 00:23:42
February about living things okay in this course I hope it's been useful for 00:23:49
you I will give you some little worksheets to do and then you can 00:23:54
tell me anything if you have any question okay see you 00:23:59
Idioma/s:
en
Autor/es:
Isabel M. Moreno Llamazares
Subido por:
Isabel María M.
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
154
Fecha:
3 de mayo de 2020 - 19:37
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
CP INF-PRI CARMEN IGLESIAS
Duración:
24′ 04″
Relación de aspecto:
1.79:1
Resolución:
1376x768 píxeles
Tamaño:
44.42 MBytes

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