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Reformation

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Subido el 18 de marzo de 2020 por Ruben P.

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Hello everyone, today we are going to start this unit 7 with the title Europe in the age of Carlos Quinto and Felipe II. 00:00:01
So we are going to study the 16th century. 00:00:10
If you remember, we have studied the Catholic monarchs, that they are going to reign at the end of the 15th century and the early 16th century. 00:00:13
So Carlos Quinto is going to be the king that is going to inherit, Castile and Aragon is going to inherit the territories of the Catholic monarchs. 00:00:22
So he's going to be the king that is going to govern at the same time Castile and Aragon and also different territories, not only in Europe, but also in America. Philip II or Philip II is going to be the son of Carlos V and he's going to inherit Carlos V's territories. 00:00:29
Okay? So let's check the index first. What we are going to study today is the Protestant Reformation. 00:00:46
I will explain what it is, and we will begin with this point. We are not going to finish this point in the first class. 00:00:53
The second point is the Religious Wars and Counter-Reformation. 00:01:01
If you check, first you have the Protestant Reformation, and after that is going to be the Counter-Reformation. 00:01:05
It means this religious movement is going to try to change the Catholic Church and, as an answer to this Protestant movement, we are going to have the Counter-Reformation movement. 00:01:12
To sum up, the Protestant Reformation movement wants to change the Catholic Church and the Counter-Reformation is the movement of the Catholic Church in order to preserve the Catholic Church. 00:01:27
We will see these two movements and the difference between them, ok? Because this has been just a brief summary. 00:01:42
The third point is going to be the Spanish Hasbro dynasty. We are going to talk about this new dynasty in Spain and this dynasty is going to start with Carlos Quinto. 00:01:52
Also, apart from the Hasbro dynasty, we are going to study the reign of Carlos Quinto and also the reign of Felipe II. 00:02:02
okay the last point the spanish culture in the 16th century we are not going to study that 00:02:13
okay because you you are going to study this with tema you are going to study this in literature 00:02:17
okay so what we are going to study is these five first points first the protestant reformation and 00:02:23
the counter-reformation this religious problem in europe in the 16th century and after that we are 00:02:28
going to start studying spanish history we are going to study the spanish harper hasbro dynasty 00:02:33
with Carlos Quinto and Felipe II. 00:02:40
So let's begin with the Protestant Reformation. 00:02:44
So the first thing is we need an introduction 00:02:47
in order to understand why this religious movement 00:02:49
is going to spread in Europe 00:02:54
or is going to start in Europe in the 16th century. 00:02:56
So let's see. 00:03:00
First, we need to understand the role of the church 00:03:02
in Europe in the 16th century. 00:03:06
so the main characteristic there are going to be two main characteristics but the first one 00:03:07
is going to be that they have a or the church has a specific social weight it means the society is 00:03:12
going to be a religious society and the church is going to be really important in the society 00:03:18
in the 16th century okay so why is going to be so important the first thing is the church is going 00:03:23
to is related of course with god remember is the institution representing god on earth and everyone 00:03:30
Everyone in Europe is going to believe in God 00:03:37
It means everyone in Europe is going to explain their lives 00:03:40
They are going to explain everything based on their beliefs in God 00:03:45
So it means, you know that we have studied humanism 00:03:51
We have studied renaissance 00:03:55
These two movements are against explaining the world 00:03:57
Or explaining nature based on God 00:04:02
Or explaining our lives based on God 00:04:05
however however most of the population are going to believe in god okay remember renaissance and 00:04:07
humanism is going to be an intellectual movement it means it's just for a minority of the population 00:04:15
okay those that they are intellectuals but most of the population it means peasants it means 00:04:23
clergy it means nobility also the king are going to believe in god okay so thanks to that as you 00:04:28
are believing in god the church is going to have a specific social weight it means in the society 00:04:35
the church is really important because everyone is believing in god so that the church is really 00:04:41
important because represents gods in on earth okay remember the priest the pope etc second the culture 00:04:46
the culture in europe is going to be deeply influenced by religion it means everything we 00:04:53
are going to produce everything we are going to what we want to explain is going to be related 00:04:59
with religion for example the king is the king because it has been chosen by god so thanks we 00:05:06
believe in god okay we are going to believe that the king has is must be the king okay imagine i 00:05:13
don't know someone from the class imagine huanga is the the king of of our class and he is going 00:05:21
to say okay I'm going to be the king of our class because I have been chosen by 00:05:27
God so we are going to believe that because we believe in God so our culture 00:05:31
okay for example our artistic productions are going to be based or 00:05:36
they are going to be have and religious influence if you check David is related 00:05:42
with a part with a story related with in the Bible or explain the Bible we are 00:05:48
going to have Jesus Christ, Jesus Christ, Jesus Christ and also the Virgin Mary. 00:05:53
Remember this is Gothic art but this is early Renaissance and this is 00:05:58
Manierism. So we are talking about productions related with the 15th 00:06:03
16th century and all of them are representing the human bodies, all of 00:06:08
them are representing religious themes. So the culture in the 16th century is 00:06:13
it's basically religious, it's basically related with religion so that the church is really 00:06:19
important because the church, we all believe in God so the church is important because of that 00:06:25
and also our culture is related to religion, okay? So, our culture is basically religious. 00:06:29
And finally, you need to understand that as the church has an important social weight, 00:06:40
okay every town and city is going to have a church or cathedral so if you if you check to this if you 00:06:47
check this picture you see here so two villages okay and what you are going to see the most 00:06:54
important building the one that is higher the one that is bigger is going to be this the church 00:07:00
okay both of them has the church as the main important building and also is going to be in 00:07:06
center. If you remember from II Ephesos, we were talking about the important role of the church 00:07:12
as a building in the city. Remember the bells, remember that there are different ways to make 00:07:19
them ring and they are going to give information to the population. For example, they are going to 00:07:25
use the bells in one way, ringing in one way, in order to say okay there is a fire in the city, 00:07:34
there is a fire in the village or they can use the bells for example to notice the population 00:07:40
there has been a someone has that how was someone has someone is dead okay 00:07:45
so remember the church is really important it's going to be in the center of the city in the on 00:07:53
the villages or or towns and they are the most important belief because they are the highest one 00:07:59
and they are the bigger one, ok? 00:08:06
So if you look at this landscape, the most important building is going to be the church. 00:08:09
You can notice it because all the other buildings or the other houses are smaller than the church. 00:08:17
So apart from this, apart from this social weight, 00:08:24
you need to remember that the church, the clergy, is part of the privileged group, 00:08:28
is a privileged institution, okay? 00:08:34
So the clergy is going to be part of this privileged social group. 00:08:36
Thanks to that, for example, they do not pay taxes, okay? 00:08:41
So the church is a privileged institution, they do not pay taxes, 00:08:45
but also they are going to collect specific religious taxes, okay? 00:08:49
So they do not pay taxes, but they make others, the serfs, 00:08:54
they make the unprivileged people to pay some taxes to them. 00:09:00
Why these people are going to pay some taxes to the church? Because the church is really important, it has a social weight, everyone believes in God, our culture is influenced by religion, and, remember, it's the most important building in the city. 00:09:04
Okay, so these are the five different incomes or the five different taxes or the different incomes of the church. We saw this last year. We saw this in second of ESO. Okay, remember the church can get money, okay, can acquire, can get money from renting houses. 00:09:22
Remember, the church is going to be wealthy enough to have houses to rent or buildings to rent. 00:09:45
Second, the donations of the population. 00:09:51
I'm going to die, I feel I'm going to die, I'm going to write on my will 00:09:54
that I will leave all my possessions to the church. 00:09:57
So the church is going to be wealthy thanks to the donations 00:10:01
and also thanks to the products that they are going to produce. 00:10:04
If they have most of the lands, they are going to produce agricultural products, 00:10:09
They are going to produce, I don't know, honey, for example, or they can produce different products. 00:10:14
Remember, if you go nowadays to a convent or a monastery, you can buy different, I don't know, sweets or other products. 00:10:20
So that's the idea. 00:10:31
They are going to sell different products. 00:10:32
They are going to obtain donations. 00:10:34
They can get money by renting the houses they own. 00:10:36
And there are two others. 00:10:40
The first one are the manorial rights. 00:10:42
Remember, clergy are landlords, remember, clergy are feudal lords, so they are going 00:10:44
to control a piece of land and they are going to have peasants working those lands, so thanks 00:10:55
to that they are going to obtain part of the yield that these peasants are producing. 00:11:02
It means, imagine, I don't know, Diego, Diego is a cardinal, Diego is a cardinal, Diego 00:11:09
has a lot of lands, imagine he has a huge piece of land, and he is the feudal lord of 00:11:15
this land, so this Diego, that is a cardinal, is going to have peasants as serfs that they 00:11:24
are going to work their lands. 00:11:29
So thanks to that, thanks to this relation between the serf and the landlord, between 00:11:31
the serf and the feudal lord, in this case it's a cardinal, it's Diego, okay, this serf, 00:11:36
this peasant, must give to Diego, to the cardinal, part of the production, part of the yield, 00:11:42
okay? The last one, the last income, is the tithe. The tithe is the most important one 00:11:48
because means all the unprivileged people, everyone, must give to the church, to the 00:11:56
clergy the 10% of the harvest. It means, if you are a peasant, you are not a serf, but 00:12:03
you are a peasant, or you are a serf, or you are, I don't know, someone that has lands 00:12:11
and produce part of the lands, produce something from these lands, you must give 10% of the 00:12:19
harvest to the clergy. Of course, if you are a noble, you do not pay the tithe. Why? Because 00:12:26
you are privileged so you do not pay taxes these five ways to get the incomes are the religious 00:12:32
taxes okay the manorial rights and the tithe are the most important ones remember the tithe is 10% 00:12:39
of the harvest must be given to the clergy to the church so the church is getting money from 00:12:46
donations renting houses selling products manorial rights and finally the tithe so it means they are 00:12:53
going to own most of the land and they are really wealthy okay so if we look 00:13:02
imagine we are going to we go to the 16th century what we are going to see is 00:13:07
the church as a powerful institution because they have an important social 00:13:12
weight thanks to everyone believes in God on the culture that is religious and 00:13:16
finally because they are going to get a lot of money out of taxes because they 00:13:22
are not losing money paying taxes and because they own most of the land. So 00:13:28
keep this idea in mind, keep this idea, keep this picture of the church in the 00:13:35
16th century. Now we are going to talk about the Reformation. The first thing is 00:13:41
to read the definition. So the Reformation was a religious movement 00:13:47
which began in the first half of the 16th century. This movement provoked the 00:13:52
division splits the Christian church in two branches or more than two 00:13:57
so Protestant churches appear, it means this reformation, this religious 00:14:03
movement is going to appear inside the church, the Catholic Church, this 00:14:09
religious movement wants to change some characteristics of the church because 00:14:14
they believe it is not right and what they are going to provoke is this 00:14:19
division inside the church, the ones that they are going to support the 00:14:26
Reformation, that they are going to create their own churches known as 00:14:30
Protestant churches, and those that they are going to support the Catholic Church 00:14:34
and they are going to carry out the Counter-Reformation, remember from the 00:14:40
index the Counter-Reformation. So the idea is there is going to be a priest or 00:14:45
more than one, that they are going to analyze the situation of the 00:14:51
church. Remember all these characteristics. We are going to see more 00:14:58
characteristics now. And thanks to these characteristics, thanks to this situation, 00:15:01
these priests are not going to be in favor of this, so they are going to 00:15:05
criticize the church. Thanks to this critic, what we are going to have is 00:15:11
the division of the Christian Church in two branches, mainly in two 00:15:17
branches, there are going to be more. In one side there are going to be the ones 00:15:21
that support the Reformation, that they are going to create the Protestant 00:15:25
churches. In the other side there are going to be the supporters of the 00:15:28
Catholic Church, that they are going to carry out the 00:15:34
Counter-Reformation. We are going to explain both the Reformation and the 00:15:40
Counter-Reformation, but now I want to see the causes, why they are going to 00:15:44
criticize the Church, the Catholic Church. So let's see the five main causes 00:15:50
of this reformation, of this critic to the Catholic Church. 00:15:57
The first one is that the Low Clergy's lack of 00:16:02
training. It means the Low Clergy, that they are the poor part of the Clergy, 00:16:08
that they are in the small churches, they are going to be, most of 00:16:13
them are going to be illiterate it means they do not know how to write or how to 00:16:18
read so there is a problem because if the law clergy do not know or do not 00:16:23
know how to read how they are going to read the Bible for example okay or how 00:16:29
they how they are going to know how to behave properly so what we are going to 00:16:34
find is the law clergy is not going to behave properly they are not going to 00:16:39
follow the dogma. For example, they could have babies. Maybe. And they are going to 00:16:43
be illiterate. They do not know, for example, how to read or how to write. The second one 00:16:51
is the bad example of the high clergy. Why this? The cardinals are going to be wealthy. 00:17:06
and also they are not going to respect the customs or morals that they are preaching 00:17:12
preaching is to tell others to do something 00:17:18
it means, imagine they are preaching 00:17:21
for example, during Easter, during Semana Santa 00:17:23
you cannot eat meat 00:17:27
it's a dogma, part of the dogma 00:17:29
ok, everyone is not going to eat meat 00:17:33
but maybe they are eating meat 00:17:36
they are going to say, ok, I'm powerful 00:17:38
i have money i'm a cardinal so they are not going to be respecting the customs or dogmas 00:17:41
of the catholic faith so these are two causes these are two reasons for the reformation to 00:17:49
appear for this priest this religious movement to appear and criticize the catholic church the 00:18:00
The third one is the church wealth. 00:18:06
They are going to say, okay, Jesus Christ wasn't rich, why we are rich? 00:18:08
And also why we are getting money out of the humble population, out of the poor population. 00:18:14
So it doesn't make any sense if you are Catholic to get money out of the poor people. 00:18:20
So they are going to start this movement, this religious movement also criticizes that 00:18:27
the church wealth the church having money and also obtaining this money from these taxes 00:18:31
paid by the humble people the poor people there are two more okay remember this remember these 00:18:37
images this is san peter okay in the vatican city this was built in the 16th century this in the 00:18:46
17th century how they are going to build this pain they need a lot of money to build all of this 00:18:52
so they are going to obtain this money out of this taxes, out of the incomes we 00:18:59
have explained in the slide before, in the previous slide. So let's see, 00:19:05
there are other options, there are other causes for this religious movement to 00:19:13
appear, buying and selling ecclesiastical possessions, it 00:19:18
means as they have money they can buy different houses or buildings etc and 00:19:24
they can obtain money by selling these buildings so the idea is to have this 00:19:30
power to be wealthy to have the power to buy and sell possessions that they are 00:19:36
going to be really expensive is another reason for this religious movement the 00:19:42
Reformation to appear in the 16th century. Finally, the last cause is the sale of indulgences. 00:19:48
What is an indulgence? An indulgence, I have explained this already in class, 00:19:57
is just a paper letting one person not to follow the dogma. For example, 00:20:03
imagine, I don't know, Marina 00:20:11
Marina is really rich 00:20:14
Marina 00:20:15
is part of the nobility 00:20:16
and I don't know, fish attaches 00:20:19
and during Semana Santa 00:20:22
she doesn't want to 00:20:25
eat meat, so she is 00:20:28
going to pay to a cardinal or the 00:20:30
priest, or a priest, or a 00:20:32
clergy, ok, to obtain 00:20:34
this indulgence 00:20:36
this indulgence is 00:20:37
a paper, a document 00:20:39
signed by the Cardinal 00:20:41
saying 00:20:43
this person, Marina 00:20:45
can eat meat during 00:20:47
Semana Santa 00:20:49
to eat meat during Semana Santa 00:20:51
is a sin 00:20:53
but this sin is going to be forgiven 00:20:54
by this 00:20:57
indulgence 00:20:59
so this religious movement 00:21:00
is going to criticize 00:21:03
the church 00:21:04
for selling these documents 00:21:06
letting people 00:21:09
to sin 00:21:11
so that's the idea 00:21:13
these five 00:21:15
are going to be 00:21:16
the causes 00:21:18
the reasons why 00:21:20
this religious movement 00:21:21
is going to appear 00:21:23
in the 16th century 00:21:24
saying 00:21:25
the catholic church 00:21:26
must change 00:21:28
these characteristics 00:21:29
because 00:21:30
this is not 00:21:31
to follow 00:21:32
the dogma 00:21:33
established by 00:21:34
Jesus Christ 00:21:35
you understand 00:21:37
this 00:21:38
Autor/es:
Rubén Peinado González
Subido por:
Ruben P.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
101
Fecha:
18 de marzo de 2020 - 8:47
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES ANTARES
Duración:
21′ 43″
Relación de aspecto:
2.05:1
Resolución:
1920x936 píxeles
Tamaño:
46.18 MBytes

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