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Middle Ages in Spain (Summary) - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 10 de mayo de 2020 por Isabel María M.

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Good morning boys and girls, how are you? 00:00:00
Today we're going to review about history, about the Middle Ages in Spain 00:00:03
Middle Ages in Spain started in the year 507 and ended in 1492 00:00:07
Maybe you heard me say that the Middle Ages started in 476 with the fall of the Roman Empire, and that's true 00:00:14
But in Spain this was a bit late, when the Visigoths came to Spain 00:00:23
It was in the year 507. 00:00:29
Who were the Visigoths? 00:00:32
Do you remember? 00:00:33
They were a German tribe that invaded what was the Roman territory of Hispania, okay? 00:00:34
And they had an elective monarchy, which means that they had a king, but the king was elected 00:00:43
by a small group of powerful nobles, noblemen, okay? 00:00:49
Not everybody could vote or something like that, but a small group of powerful nobles 00:00:54
could vote for the king. 00:01:00
They established their capital city in Toledo, and they copied some things from the Romans. 00:01:03
For example, the religion, they were Christians, and the language, they copied Latin, but they 00:01:10
didn't speak Latin in the same way, it was a bit different. 00:01:16
there came Spanish language, and they copied also the laws of the Romans, okay? 00:01:23
Some of the laws, which were very important. Okay, so these are the most important 00:01:28
things about the Visigoths, who were in Spain from 507 to 711, okay? Almost, well, 00:01:33
yes, a bit more than 200 years. Okay, I have divided the Middle Ages into two 00:01:41
periods, okay? The Visigoths and then Al-Andalus and the Reconquista, which was 00:01:46
from 711 to 1492, okay? So that's it. I have divided into two periods and then here I have 00:01:52
more things to tell you, okay? Do you remember that in 711 the Muslims invaded the Visigoth 00:02:01
kingdom coming from Africa, okay? You remember that at that time Islam was a very powerful 00:02:09
religion and the muslims had a lot of power and they invaded a lot of territories in the north 00:02:16
of africa in the east of europe in the south of asia okay so they were very powerful and they 00:02:23
invaded all almost all the territory from the visigoths in 711 you remember there were problems 00:02:31
between the visigoths and the nobleman so it was it made it even easier for the muslims to 00:02:38
to conquer, well, Spain, the Kingdom of Toledo. So this happened in 711, and 11 years later, 00:02:44
do you remember, in 722, with the Battle of Covadonga, the Reconquista started. What was 00:02:53
the Reconquista? It was a very long war, a very long period with lots of battles, where the 00:02:59
Christians wanted to recover, regain the territory of the Visigoths, okay, and expel the Muslims out. 00:03:06
Remember, it's very important that in that time, in the Middle Ages, religion was very 00:03:12
important. 00:03:17
They all thought that their religion was the good one and the others were not faithful 00:03:18
and were bad people, so they wanted to expel them from their territory. 00:03:27
So the Reconquista started, and if you remember, all the Iberian Peninsula was divided into 00:03:33
two parts. First the Christian kingdoms, which at first were a tiny territory in the north, 00:03:40
and then Al-Andalus, which at first was almost all the peninsula, and then little by little 00:03:49
the Christians conquered the territories from the Muslims. So Christian kingdoms and Al-Andalus, 00:03:54
which was the name of all the territory of today's Spain and Portugal, which was under 00:04:01
the Muslim government. So, Christian kingdoms, what do you need to know about them? The people, 00:04:06
the society, was divided into three groups. The nobles, which were the most important 00:04:14
and more powerful, with the king, and then the noblemen, the knights. Then we have the 00:04:19
clergy, which were the people that worked for the church, the priests, the bishops, 00:04:25
bishops had a lot of power too. And then we have the peasants. Most of the people were 00:04:33
peasants, those campesinos, people who worked the land and had to work a lot. So these were 00:04:38
the three social groups, the three statements of the medieval Christian kingdoms. Which 00:04:45
were the most important Christian kingdoms? At first, León, then Castilla, Aragón, Navarra. 00:04:51
There were more kingdoms, but these are the most important. And what about the art of 00:04:57
Christian Kingdoms. If you remember we had two styles, the Romanesque and the Gothic. 00:05:02
I'm going to show you some pictures. The Romanesque, do you remember? This is a very 00:05:08
important church in Spain, in Palencia, with rounded towers. The buildings were not so high 00:05:12
and they had very small windows and doors and they had this arco de medio punto, 00:05:19
which is an art that they used a lot in their buildings. Here you can see 00:05:25
more examples of Romanesque art. And then we have, this is more ancient, 00:05:32
then we have, at the end of the Middle Ages in the Christian kingdoms, the Gothic 00:05:38
art, which had these pointed towers, like here in Reims in France, this is in 00:05:41
Germany but where aha here is Burgos okay this is the the cathedral the 00:05:49
Cathedral of Burgos which is Gothic as well okay can you see it's higher the 00:05:54
windows are bigger they have these circular windows they also had stained 00:05:59
glass vidrieras okay so this is Romanesque and Gothic the art that they 00:06:03
had in the Christian kingdoms and then let's go to the Muslim part Al-Andalus 00:06:10
If you remember in Al-Andalus we had four different stages. At first it was an 00:06:15
emirate. It was dependent on Baghdad. So all the Muslim kingdoms in the 00:06:20
world were dependent from a big emir which was like an emperor and who lived 00:06:27
in the Middle East. Then they got independency and it was a caliphate. The 00:06:34
Caliphate, the Caliphate of Córdoba, and then it broke because of the 00:06:41
Christian wars, it broke into the Taifa kingdoms, and then at the end only 00:06:49
remained the small kingdom of Granada in the south of Spain, Granada and Málaga, 00:06:54
and a little of Almería. So during the period of the Caliphate of Córdoba, 00:06:58
which was about the year 900, this was the Age of Splendor, this was the 00:07:03
most powerful age for the Muslims in Spain. Powerful and with lots of new things and discoveries 00:07:10
for the time. And then, in the art, we have palaces and mosques. I'm going to show you 00:07:17
some examples. This is the Mosque of Córdoba, which is very big and many of you have visited. 00:07:24
It's beautiful. All of this is Córdoba. And this is Granada, La Alhambra, which is 00:07:30
a palace, a palace that they built in the Kingdom of Granada, so this is more new than the mosque. 00:07:37
And that's all for the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages ended in 1492 with the conquer of the Kingdom 00:07:47
of Granada, which was the last Muslim kingdom in Spain. If you remember, it was the Catholic 00:07:53
kings who conquered Granada, but we will learn it tomorrow in the modern age. So now you can do your 00:07:59
worksheet. See you later! 00:08:06
Idioma/s:
en
Subido por:
Isabel María M.
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
132
Fecha:
10 de mayo de 2020 - 18:47
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
CP INF-PRI CARMEN IGLESIAS
Duración:
08′ 10″
Relación de aspecto:
1.79:1
Resolución:
1376x768 píxeles
Tamaño:
17.59 MBytes

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