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2º ESO/MEDIEVAL CITIES - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 21 de noviembre de 2020 por Alicia M.

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So, by the 11th century, feudalism was well established in Europe. There were kings, who were the primus inter pares, and whose power was actually distributed among the clergymen, that is to say, the church, and the feudal lords, that is to say, the nobility. 00:00:03
Finally, in the social structure, there were the peasants, who were the ones who worked the land and from whom both the church and the nobility obtained resources. 00:00:26
And these were obtained in different types of taxes, such as the tithe, in the case of the church, and other taxes, in the case of the lords. 00:00:40
And this extraction was possible through a process by which the feudal lord forced the peasant to pay. 00:00:52
And in this way, that is why we say that the lords exercised extra-economic coercion over the peasants. 00:01:01
So we say, extra-economic coercion was exercised over the peasants. 00:01:12
So the peasants, in order to survive, feed their families and pay the taxes, developed new agricultural techniques such as crop rotation, which allowed the manor economy to increase. 00:01:18
This is because this system made possible the harvest of more than one product at the same time, dividing the field in three different places. 00:01:32
places. Therefore, with the existing surplus from the growth in the production, not only lords, 00:01:44
but also the peasants, began to trade. At first, local goods were traded in markets of small 00:01:53
villages. As trade grew, so did markets. Some developed into major trade fairs. Traders also 00:02:01
gathered at convenient places for travelers such as river crossings and along highways before long 00:02:11
towns developed in these locations too and therefore a new scenario where social relations 00:02:19
took place appear the medieval cities so how was life in the medieval cities what what was 00:02:26
different compared to the manor? Well, if we think about it, first of all, the most 00:02:37
important difference was that those living in the cities would be under the 00:02:46
category that we call freemen and the activities that they did in the city 00:02:52
were not anymore related to field work but to trade and craft work. But just 00:02:58
Just because someone was a freeman, that didn't mean that he could do whatever he wanted. 00:03:06
So secondly, in fact what we know is that medieval cities were quite organized in order 00:03:12
to regulate the different activities that took place there. 00:03:18
For example, as towns grew in size, it was not enough just to make rules about buying 00:03:22
and selling, people also needed rules about how goods were to be made. 00:03:27
In many towns and cities, the merchants, traders and craft workers began to form associations 00:03:33
called guilds. 00:03:39
So, a guild included all the people who practiced a certain trade or craft. 00:03:47
A person would first join the guild as an apprentice in order to learn the craft. 00:03:55
After seven years, his work would be examined by a guild master to check if it was good 00:04:01
enough so that you could join the guild as a journeyman. Finally, if his work was good enough, 00:04:06
after seven years, and if the person showed he was really, really good, then he would become 00:04:16
a guild master, which meant that he was then allowed to open his own workshop. 00:04:23
The towns grew richer in the 12th and 13th centuries. They started to gain freedom 00:04:28
from the king and his knowledge and to be ruled by the most important men in town who were those 00:04:33
who composed the town council. In the town council these people made laws about every aspect of town 00:04:38
life. Guildsmen were often important on town councils which meant that they could make sure 00:04:46
that laws helped the craft people of the town to stay prosperous. So this shows us that as cities 00:04:53
were emerging artisans and tradesmen began to emerge as both a physical and economic force. 00:05:02
They formed guilds, associations and companies to conduct business and promote their own interest. 00:05:10
These people were the original bourgeoisie and yes for the record it is pronounced bourgeoisie 00:05:16
because it comes from a French word and they were a new social class that appeared during the Middle 00:05:25
Ages and this social class is going to be a key factor in the transformation of the medieval 00:05:33
society and the change and transition into our modern world. Finally, medieval towns and cities 00:05:41
were extremely crowded. The lack of sanitation or procedures for keeping the town clean 00:05:50
bred disease and the overcrowded conditions meant that disease spread quickly. Yes, it was pretty 00:05:58
nasty. One disease, the bubonic plague or black death, wiped out one third of Europe's population 00:06:05
between 1347 and 1351. 00:06:13
You'll learn more about the Black Death next class. 00:06:17
See you soon then! 00:06:20
Subido por:
Alicia M.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
191
Fecha:
21 de noviembre de 2020 - 18:25
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES LA SENDA
Duración:
06′ 35″
Relación de aspecto:
4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
Resolución:
480x360 píxeles
Tamaño:
63.12 MBytes

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