Detectives climáticos Análisis migración cigüeñas

En este vídeo los alumnos nos muestran su proyecto de Detectives Climáticos. En él se investiga el cambio en los patrones migratorios de las cigüeñas blancas que detectamos por su presencia en Tres Cantos (Madrid, España) durante el otoño de 2024. En primer lugar se estudiaron las características de la especie para, a continuación, analizar factores climáticos, fenómenos extremos, contaminación atmosférica y la actividad humana mediante datos obtenidos de diversas fuentes como SEO/BirdLife, AEMET, e imágenes del satélite Sentinel-2. De este análisis se dedujo que los vientos intensos del norte durante el otoño de 2024 alteraron la migración hacia el sur, obligando a las cigüeñas a detenerse en Tres Cantos. Aunque el aumento de temperaturas mostró una correlación débil, la disponibilidad de alimento en vertederos surgió como factor determinante. Además, se realizaron modelos predictivos mediante las proyecciones climáticas Köppen-Geiger y los mapas NDVI. Se proponen medidas para gestionar los residuos y hacer un seguimiento que ayude a reducir el impacto ambiental. Este estudio muestra cómo el clima y las actividades humanas afectan la migración de las aves, proporcionando información útil para su conservación en ciudades y otros entornos urbanos.

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This is Tres Cantos, a city located at the north of Madrid. 00:00:04

In October 2024, something happened that no one had seen before. 00:00:13

A large number of storks came here and stayed here for a couple of months. 00:00:18

This could be a problem as these species could bring diseases and alter the ecosystems. 00:00:22

So we asked to ourselves, why is this happening and why now? 00:00:28

We had several hypotheses, but the most important were an increase of the air temperatures, 00:00:34

a reduction of the air pollution, strong winds in the south, and accumulation of human waste 00:00:39

in the landfill of Colmenar. 00:00:46

We are the RedHawks in Buenos Aires, and this is our project. 00:00:48

To begin our investigation, we started analyzing the behavior and the habitat of the white 00:00:50

storks in Spain using this data, highlighting the silver life and the NDVI of the Sentinel-2. 00:00:55

With this data, we found out that the storks seen in Tres Cantos were not residents in 00:01:02

Spain and wintering in Africa, but wintering in Spain and coming from Northern Europe. 00:01:08

We corroborated this with this map that shows with lines of different colors the migrational 00:01:16

routes of storks from different countries. 00:01:22

Meanwhile, we studied the habitat and realized that these birds prefer watery areas and with 00:01:25

no trees and they avoid really dry areas, areas with a lot of vegetation and areas with limestone 00:01:30

soil. We use the NDVI set tool of the Sentinel-2 to analyze the type of ground and mark more or less 00:01:37

the area of the stork habitat. This graph shows a clear increase in the general tendency of white 00:01:46

storks in Spain. Meanwhile these other two show an increase of the populations of storks in urban 00:01:54

areas and a decrease on pastures. The first factor we analyzed was temperature. We took data from the 00:02:01

Institute of Statistics and the FAMET. We found that the winter temperatures between 1895 and 2012 00:02:07

have increased just 0.5 degrees Celsius. This graph compared to the population of storks 00:02:14

shows us that it didn't play a key role in them staying here, but still contributed. 00:02:20

In terms of our hypothesis on contamination, we used two resources. 00:02:25

The Sentinel-2 satellite and the Portal de Datos Abiertos del Ayuntamiento de Madrid. 00:02:29

With the data from the Portal de Datos Abiertos del Ayuntamiento de Madrid, 00:02:34

we got them from the station Tres Olivos, which is the closest to the Tres Cantos, 00:02:38

and the one that resembles the city the most. 00:02:43

Then we got data from October from 2010 to 2024 in Nitrogen Oxides and in Ozone. 00:02:45

Then we did the average and we saw that the change isn't as significant as we thought it would be 00:02:53

and it doesn't affect the migration routes of the storm. 00:02:59

After that we also got some images from the Sentinel-2 satellite 00:03:02

and we got them from 2018 to 2024 in Nitrogen Dioxide and in Ozone. 00:03:06

We saw that the change is the same as in the graphics 00:03:12

and we discarded the contamination hypothesis out of our list 00:03:16

and it doesn't affect at all on the migration routes of the storms. 00:03:21

While investigating about the wind, our most important source was the IMF. 00:03:26

We studied the storms Aitor in September, Dana in October and Caetano in November. 00:03:31

And with the wind maps and the graphics that showed the speed of the wind, 00:03:40

we could see that the direction of the wind and its speed didn't allow the storks to go to the shower. 00:03:48

We got the human waste data from a bunch of sources, the Universidad Complutense de Madrid among them. 00:03:53

With these two maps, this one being the landfills in Spain and this one the breeding pairs of storks in the peninsula, 00:04:00

you can see a correlation between them that points to storks liking these landfills, 00:04:06

but in the southeast zone of Spain they don't match up since, as Michael said earlier, it's full of limestone soil, which isn't good for them. 00:04:12

We corroborated that storks like landfills with these two graphs, 00:04:21

this one showing the amount of time storks spend in different types of habitats, this peak being dumpsters, 00:04:25

and this one showing the amount of storks facing the distance to a landfill. 00:04:31

and you can see that the closer you are to the landfill, the more nests you will find. 00:04:35

And lastly, these are the amount of tons being put into the landfill of Comenar Viejo, 00:04:41

a city very close to Tres Cantos, with photos of its growth. 00:04:47

And knowing that storks stick more to urban areas, that they like landfills, 00:04:51

and that the closest landfill to Tres Cantos has grown, 00:04:57

we consider this a very important factor for the prolongated stay of these birds in our city. 00:04:59

end our hypothesis turned out to be only partially correct because air pollution was not relevant 00:05:05

and the temperature was a more secondary cause. However, the strong winds and the presence of 00:05:10

the landfill of Colmenar were crucial for the state of the white storks in Tres Cantos. 00:05:15

With data from SEO BirdLife and Copenearth we elaborated this prediction for the migration 00:05:21

routes of storks for the future. We can see as they move to the northeast of Europe. 00:05:26

This prediction should be done for other bird species in the future. 00:05:30

this is important because if it is controlled it could be used as data to quantify climate change 00:05:34

and also because if we aren't careful stores could eat dangerous things in landfills that 00:05:40

could kill either them or part of their environment which would be terrible so we 00:05:46

should control what we throw in landfills always if you want to know more about us follow us on 00:05:51

instagram i would like to thank you for the opportunity to present and for the time you 00:05:57

have given us. Thank you. 00:06:02

Detectives climáticos Análisis migración cigüeñas - Contenido educativo

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