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1º ESO/ROMAN ART - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 19 de enero de 2021 por Alicia M.

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The term Roman art immediately calls to mind classic architecture complete with Doric, 00:00:01
Ionic, and Corinthian columns, along with perfect white busts of the important men and 00:00:08
women of this era. 00:00:13
But Roman art encompassed much more. 00:00:15
In fact, Roman people gave an artistic touch to almost everything they made, including 00:00:18
coinage, buildings' walls, sculpture, metalwork, glasswork, and jewelry. 00:00:23
The bulk of the Roman artistic legacy we know today was created between 800 BC and 500 AD. 00:00:29
It was during this time that authors such as Cicero, Virgil, Ovid, and Horace would 00:00:38
create a legacy of philosophical thought, poetic style, and mythology that played a 00:00:43
big role in Roman art and is highly influential to this day. 00:00:48
One of the interesting things about Roman art is that these artists were quite open 00:00:53
to new ideas and influences from other cultures and empires. 00:00:59
Early Roman art, around 800 BC, drew heavily from Etruscan art. 00:01:03
Etruscans were the powerful people in Tuscany, north of Rome. 00:01:10
Firm believers in the afterlife, much of the Etruscans' artistic energy was dedicated 00:01:14
to making beautiful funerary objects, and decorating the dead and their burial places 00:01:19
for their next eternal life. 00:01:25
Romans were skilled with clay sculpting and bronze work. 00:01:29
They also had a preference for realistic portraiture. 00:01:32
Romans drew heavily from Greek styles, but there was one thing that set the two styles 00:01:36
apart quite distinctively. 00:01:41
Even though Greek art became more realistic as time went on, Greeks overall preferred 00:01:43
their subjects highly idealized. 00:01:49
This meant that even a subject with a double chin and crooked eyes would be represented 00:01:52
in his sculpture as the epitome of beauty. 00:01:57
As a result, it was pretty difficult to tell exactly who a given sculpture was supposed 00:02:01
to represent, since they all supported such perfect features. 00:02:05
Roman artists had a much more realistic outlook and tempered idealistic Greek influence with 00:02:10
that of the ideas of nearby Etruscans, who preferred a healthy dose of realism in their 00:02:16
work. As a result, the Roman bust would actually bear a good likeness to the subject. Double chin, 00:02:21
pockmarked face, receding hairline and all. Of course, Roman artists would embellish the final 00:02:29
output enough that his patron, the subject of his art, would appear dignified and impressive 00:02:35
despite shortcomings. Relief work was one of the distinctive artistic styles that developed in the 00:02:41
Roman Empire, especially after Augustus came to power after Julius Caesar's death. Augustus was 00:02:48
a shrewd man and capable ruler who knew that art was a great way to communicate with the masses, 00:02:55
regardless of whether they could read or write. More importantly, art could be used to subtly 00:03:01
promote himself as a representative of the gods. Augustus' divine rite was illustrated in many 00:03:07
reliefs depicting the ruler interacting with the gods of Roman mythology and asserting his power 00:03:13
in memorable scenes of victory. These reliefs were common on temples and other public buildings in 00:03:19
ancient Rome. In addition to reliefs on buildings, powerful Romans had their portraits and initials 00:03:26
engraved onto coins. As well as expert sculptors, Romans were prolific architects and by the middle 00:03:32
of the first century, the first concrete revolution had occurred in Rome. The discovery of concrete 00:03:40
made the widespread construction of arches, domes, and vaulted ceilings possible. Among the most 00:03:46
famous architectural elements ancient Rome is known for are decorative columns, arched aqueducts, 00:03:53
bridges, public baths, and spacious domes. The Pantheon features one of the most impressive 00:04:00
domes in Rome. The Pantheon was commissioned by Emperor Hadrian to honor all Roman gods 00:04:07
and was completed in 125 AD. Its dome was constructed with over 5000 tons of concrete 00:04:14
and measures 142 feet in diameter and 71 feet in height. The opening at the center of the dome 00:04:23
is called an oculus and illuminated the marble interior of the Pantheon at the same time as 00:04:31
drawing attention upwards towards the heavens. The pantheon's heaviest materials are at its base. 00:04:37
The progressively lighter materials were used towards the top of its base and dome. 00:04:43
The temple endures as an architectural wonder to this day. Romans loved their entertainment, 00:04:50
and the Colosseum, completed in 80 AD, seating around 50,000 people, was the greatest amphitheater 00:04:57
in Rome. The Colosseum showcases the three styles of columns used throughout Roman architecture, 00:05:04
Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Doric columns are the simplest variety, Ionic columns feature scroll 00:05:12
designs, and Corinthian columns are the most complex and decorative. The Colosseum's second 00:05:20
and third levels featured statues of gods and goddesses standing under each impressive arch. 00:05:27
The Colosseum featured such advanced architectural features as an underground system of passageways 00:05:34
and trap doors, drainage pipes, and a retractable roof. 00:05:41
A majority of perishable Roman art from the period before 79 AD was destroyed when Mount 00:05:47
Vesuvius erupted, but wall art thankfully survived to a surprising degree. 00:05:53
Archaeologists have uncovered wall paintings in Pompeii homes that have been well-preserved 00:06:00
by the volcanic ash. 00:06:05
White, yellow, black, and Pompeii red were the most commonly used colors in the murals, 00:06:07
which decorated the interior walls of homes with scenes of nature, mythology, and status-enhancing 00:06:14
scenes like expensive stones and scenes of Greece. 00:06:21
These scenes created the impression of spaciousness in the home of the patrons who commissioned 00:06:26
them. 00:06:31
Pompeii murals attest to Roman painters keen eye and the contrast between light and shadow. 00:06:32
Much of the Roman art we have from the 3rd century AD and later years were preserved 00:06:40
in catacombs and Nero's palace. 00:06:46
Scenes of battle and punishment were more common during this time. 00:06:49
When they switched from chisels to drills, this made sculpting much easier, which made 00:06:54
this art form increasingly more common. 00:06:59
This was also the time when Christianity was sweeping through Roman society, and Roman 00:07:03
art began reflecting Christian themes. 00:07:08
This focus on divine mythology was accompanied by a gradual shift to more stylized art, which 00:07:12
would characterize later medieval art. 00:07:18
After Emperor Constantine moved the empire's capital from Rome to modern-day Istanbul, 00:07:23
the death toll sounded for Rome's high status and the abundance of Roman art. 00:07:28
As Rome slowly lost its status as the hub of the empire, Roman art began to decline 00:07:34
as well, and gave way to new styles and techniques. 00:07:40
Byzantine art would fill Rome with cathedrals and basilicas inspired by the designs and 00:07:45
and construction techniques of ancient Rome. 00:07:51
More than 800 years later, 00:07:54
Roman art would inspire an entirely new era 00:07:57
of breathtaking art during the Italian Renaissance. 00:08:00
Subido por:
Alicia M.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
105
Fecha:
19 de enero de 2021 - 8:46
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES LA SENDA
Duración:
08′ 31″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1920x1080 píxeles
Tamaño:
227.14 MBytes

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